拆迁维权,给浙江省高级人民法院的上诉状
行政上诉状
【傅国涌按:2010年6月21日,杭州市中级人民法院开庭审理了我们起诉杭州市下城区人民政府违法设立事业单位“……百井坊综合改造工程指挥部”进行商业拆迁一案,2个月后宣判,我们败诉,我们对此不服,向浙江省高级人民法院提起上诉。我们深知,结局已经注定,但是除了奋起维权,先将法律框架内的维权道路走完,我们别无选择。有权势者可以违法,因为他们心中根本无法律,他们心中只有强权,而我们,手无寸铁、无权无势的公民却视法律为宝贵,通向公平正义的道路,需要法律的保障,今天我们在法庭上的失败,并不意味着中国永无法治可言,毕竟公义还在我们一边。以下这个上诉状是一个邻居执笔的,我转帖在此。】
上诉人:
【略】
被上诉人:
单位:杭州市下城区人民政府
住所地:杭州市下城区文晖路1号
法定代表人:项永丹 职务:区长
电话:85820625
上诉人因杭州市下城区人民政府不履行行政复议法定职责一案,不服浙江省杭州市中级人民法院2010年8月16日作出的(2010)浙杭行初字第59号行政判决,现依法上诉。
上诉请求:
1、撤销一审法院作出的(2010)浙杭行初字第59号《行政判决书》,依法改判;
2、撤销被上诉人作出的杭下府复字[2010]3号《杭州市下城区人民政府不予受理决定书》,要求依法认定被上诉人未履行法定职责;
3、由被上诉人承担一审、二审诉讼费用。
事实与理由:
上诉人认为:一审法院作出的(2010)浙杭行初字第59号行政判决认定事实完全错误,缺乏证据证明,适用法律错误,并有替被上诉人遮掩违法行为、有包庇被上诉人违法的事实,判决行为违法。
一、一审法院对事实的认定完全错误,缺乏证据证明,且滥用法律。
一审法院认定:“原告向被告申请行政复议的具体行政行为是将杭州市下城区百井坊地区综合改造工程指挥部审批为事业单位的登记行为,规范事业单位法人登记发证行为的依据是《事业单位登记管理暂行条例》和《事业单位登记管理暂行条例实施细则》,原告主张的其作为被拆迁人的合法权益不属上述法律规范的调整范围,故原告与其申请行政复议的事业单位法人登记行为无法律上的利害关系。”上诉人认为一审法院对事实的认定完全错误,缺乏证据证明,且滥用法律。
上诉人向被上诉人申请行政复议的是将杭州市下城区百井坊地区综合改造工程指挥部(以下简称百井坊指挥部)审批为事业单位的合法性,而不仅仅如一审法院所认定的只是“登记行为”;上诉人提出的是百井坊指挥部作为下城区人民政府下属的事业单位并作为在非公共利益的商业开发中拆迁人资格不合法和审批的具体行政行为,且具有相关的法律依据,而不仅仅如一审法院所认定的只是“登记行为”的依据“《事业单位登记管理暂行条例》和《事业单位登记管理暂行条例实施细则》”。这些,在上诉人《行政复议申请书》和《行政起诉状》以及上诉人在一审法院庭审发言等材料中均可证实。一审法院认定事实完全错误。
一审法院篡改上诉人的诉题,将其变换为狭窄单一的“登记发证行为”,由此引发“登记发证行为的依据”是什么什么,然后牵强附会地得出上句不接下句且毫无因果关系的“原告主张的其作为被拆迁人的合法权益不属上述法律规范的调整范围”结论,最后将关键词落在原本就设定好的“原告与其申请行政复议的事业单位法人登记行为无法律上的利害关系”的“框框”上。一审法院可谓用苦良心,但却是一种极其拙劣的偷换概念手法,一种十分可笑的逻辑推理等式,一种利用司法职权对法律条款的滥用。
一审法院认定“原告主张的其作为被拆迁人的合法权益不属上述法律规范的调整范围”,那么,按照一审法院的“意思”,上诉人合法权益属于哪部“法律规范的调整范围”?“上述法律规范的调整范围”是什么?“调整范围”的法律依据何在?上诉人提出的是其具体行政行为的合法性诉题及其具体行政行为与上诉人有法律上的利害关系以及其具体行政行为的违法侵害了上诉人的合法权益,一审法院却如此高超地搭界上不属某某“法律规范的调整范围”,前后无事实因故关系,认定荒诞,缺乏法律依据。
二、此案中有足够的相关证据材料证明事实的客观存在,被诉的行政行为与上诉人有法律上的利害关系,一审法院“无法律上的利害关系”的认定没有事实依据、缺乏证据依据、滥用法律,判决行为违法。
证据材料之一:上诉人的房屋所有权证、国有土地使用证及房屋拆迁公告,拟证明上诉人的房屋在拆迁范围内,被诉行政行为与上诉人有法律上的利害关系;
证据材料之二:杭州市下城区发展和改革局下发改(2009)06号文、杭州市发展和改革委员会杭发改投资(2009)104号文、地字第330100200900339号《建设用地规划许可证》、中共下城区委、下城区政府2009年3月3日给原杭州市委书记王国平的报告,拟证明百井坊地块综合改造的用地性质非公共利益而是商业开发。将百井坊指挥部审批为事业单位实质上就是政府参与商业拆迁,就是利用公权力剥夺上诉人在拆迁中合法、平等的民事权利,构成了对上诉人合法权益的严重侵犯。被诉的违法行政行为与上诉人有法律上的利害关系;
证据材料之三:事证第133010300288号《事业单位法人证书》,拟证明百井坊指挥部资金来源非财政补助,为自收自支、自负盈亏的营利性事业单位;下城区区委组织部“近期干部任免情况”,拟证明百井坊指挥部法人代表赵行光、百井坊指挥部副总指挥金本银是公务员。公务员在自收自支的事业单位兼职并担任主要领导,说明将百井坊指挥部审批为区政府下属的、从事商业开发的事业单位的具体行政行为违法。违法审批的百井坊指挥部作为拆迁人来拆除上诉人的房屋,违法审批的行政行为与上诉人有法律上的利害关系。
证据材料之四:杭州市下城区机构编制委员会下编[2009]8号“关于建立杭州市下城区百井坊地区综合改造工程指挥部的通知”,拟证明该“通知”不是百井坊指挥部设立的批准文件,而只是一份区政府内部及所属单位间的“告知函”,说明百井坊指挥部的设立没有上级组织部门合法的批准文件,百井坊指挥部是非法组织。非法组织作为拆迁人来拆除上诉人的房屋,违法审批的行政行为与上诉人有法律上的利害关系。
以上的证据材料足以证明上诉人与被诉的行政行为有法律上的利害关系。一审法院认定:“原告与其申请行政复议的事业单位法人登记行为无法律上的利害关系”,这是一审法院在错误认定事实的基础上,错误地引用法律。如此直接的且违法的行政行为与上诉人无关,不知一审法院在涉及拆迁的行政判决中,还有哪些属政府违法的行政行为与公民有关?公民可诉?显而易见,一审法院不仅仅是引用法律不当的认识方面错误,而是存在着主观的故意性。这是一审法院利用司法职权对法律条款的滥用,判决行为违法。
以上的证据证明是充分的、合法的,有必然的因果关系,有高度的盖然性。而被上诉人却没有能证明“该具体行政行为与上诉人没有利害关系”的证据,所出具的证据也只能进一步证明“该具体行政行为与上诉人有利害关系”,因而在一审法院庭审质证、辩论中,被上诉人的委托代理人被驳得语无伦次直至哑口无言。同样,一审法院也没有能证明被诉具体行政行为与上诉人没有利害关系的证据。因此,上诉人的证据证明力是最大的,证明力压倒一切。一审法院没有证据依据,没有证明力,判决行为违法。
《最高人民法院关于行政诉讼证据苦干问题的规定》第三十九条“当事人应当围绕证据的关联性、合法性、真实性,针对证据有无证明效力以及证明力的大小,进行质证”。在一审法院庭审质证、辩论中,上诉人以具有关联性、合法性、真实性的事实证据、法律证据证明了自己所持证据证明效力及证明力的强大,远远盖过被上诉人,以至引起旁听席群众的强烈共鸣。同样,上诉人就此案相关材料在百井坊及上网公开后,在百井坊地区及网民中引起极大反响,人们关注着判决结果。然而,具有强大证据证明力的上诉人被一审法院判决“驳回诉讼请求”,而毫无证据证明力的被上诉人又一次地感受了官官相护、政法一家的真谛和温暖。一审法院开庭进行质证、辩论,目的是证明自己司法程序的合法到位。但是,不以证据证明力判决的司法行为,实质是掩人耳目、走过场的形式主义,糊弄百姓的司法把戏而已,是对司法公正的玷污。
《最高人民法院关于行政诉讼证据苦干问题的规定》第五十三条规定“人民法院裁判行政案件,应当以证据证明的案件事实为依据”、第五十四条规定“法庭应当对经过庭审质证的证据和无需质证的证据进行逐一审查和对全部证据综合审查,尊循法官职业道德,运用逻辑推理和生活经验,进行全面、客观公正地分析判断,确定证据材料与案件事实之间的证明关系,排除不具有关联性的证据材料,准确认定案件事实”,一审法院无视证据材料与案件事实之间的证明关系,不以证据证明的案件事实为依据,违反法官职业道德,利用司法职权主观随意判案,判决有失公正,判决行为违法。
三、被上诉人的具体行政行为,存在着严重的违法问题。一审法院替被上诉人遮掩违法行为,有包庇被上诉人违法的事实。判决行为违法。
1、上诉人作为被拆迁的对象,与拆迁人,与设立审批拆迁人事业单位行政行为的合法性有法律上的利害关系。提出行政复议申请,是依据《中华人民共和国行政复议法》第二条之规定,并符合《中华人民共和国行政复议法实施条例》第二十八条(一)至(七)款的全部申请条件,被上诉人理当予以受理。因此,办理上诉人行政复议事项属于被上诉人的法定职责。被上诉人应该根据上诉人行政复议的事实和理由,作出相应合法的行政行为,但被上诉人未履行法定职责,以无利害关系为由,作出了不予受理的决定。被上诉人利用政府职权歪曲法律,行政行为违反了法定职责,与国家机关依法行政原则相悖,行政行为违法。
2、被上诉人对上诉人作出的不予受理的行政行为,是对自身违法行政行为的回避和掩盖。因为百井坊指挥部的设立审批,与其有相当大的关系,而不仅仅只是下属单位的具体行政行为。百井坊指挥部的设立审批,存在着违法的问题。被上诉人会引火自焚?因此,被上诉人不得不搬出强词夺理的“无利害关系”的理由,不予受理上诉人的行政复议申请。然而,一审法院却对被上诉人这种以回避的方式来掩盖问题实质的行政行为熟视无睹,竟然也作出“原告与其申请行政复议的事业单位法人登记行为无法律上的利害关系”的认定。这是一审法院利用司法职权替被上诉人遮掩违法行为。一审法院判决行为违法。
3、上诉人在起诉状及庭审辩论中,已清楚地从诸多方面阐明了百井坊指挥部设立审批行政行为存在着严重违法问题的事实根据,也以强有力的证据证明被上诉人行政行为的违法。这已众所周知。但一审法院的(2010)浙杭行初字第59号《行政判决书》丝毫不提百井坊指挥部设立审批行政行为的违法事实,丝毫不提被上诉人行政行为的违法事实,连被上诉人在答辩书中错误引用《中华人民共和国行政复议法》第二十八条规定的行为也只字不提,有替被上诉人遮掩违法行为、有包庇被上诉人违法的具体事实。
如:在《行政判决书》第四页“原告向本院提交的证据”一段中,隐去了上诉人在庭审中向一审法院提交的关于“下城区区委组织部‘近期干部任免情况’”及公务员赵行光、金本银在自收自支的事业单位即百井坊指挥部兼职并担任主要领导是违反省纪委、省委组织部、省人事厅、省监察厅《关于规范公务员在事业单位兼职的若干规定》(浙组[2007]52号)文件规定的重要证据,替被上诉人掩盖违法事实;
又如:以上该节“提交的证据第4、由被告工作人员签具收到意见的行政复议申请书,拟证明被告收到行政复议申请的时间”,明显隐去上诉人揭露被上诉人在行政答辩状中谎称的“答辩人于2010年3月21日收到原告以邮寄方式提交的行政复议申请”的编造证据事实。上诉人拟证明的事实真相是:提交行政复议申请的时间是2010年3月19日,提交行政复议申请的方式是专人呈送;
再如:《行政判决书》第5页“经庭审质证”一段中,将被上诉人作为成立百井坊指挥部批准文件的杭州市下城区机构编制委员会下编[2009]8号《关于建立杭州市下城区百井坊地区综合改造工程指挥部的通知》认定为“本院对证据审查后认为:被告证据2,与被诉行政复议行为不具有关联性,本院不予以采信”,隐去了该《通知》不是百井坊指挥部成立的批准文件这一事实,隐去了该《通知》作为百井坊指挥部批准成立的不合法性,隐去了人民法院认定证据证明重要的原则:合法性。不合法的证据证明与被诉行政复议行为不具有关联性?一审法院认定完全错误。
又再如:《行政判决书》第7页最后一段中,对上诉人提出的被上诉人作出的杭下府复字[2010]3号《不予受理决定书》中的杭州市下城区白井坊地区综合改造工程指挥部不是上诉人申请行政复议的主体单位杭州市下城区百井坊地区综合改造工程指挥部、《不予受理决定书》应以撤销的意见认定为“在行政公文中出现此差错确实有失严谨,但该差错尚不导致被诉行政行为须以撤销的方式予以纠正,本院予以指出”,一审法院对政府行政公文中将主体单位名称错误的错误轻描淡写地只需“指出”。按一审法院的判案逻辑,中国与美国一字之差,难道中国就是美国?美国就是中国?合法与违法一字之差,难道合法就是违法?违法就是合法?人民政府的公文难道是三岁孩子玩的识字游戏吗?一审法院明显包庇被上诉人错误的行政行为。一审法院判决行为违法。
又又再如:《行政判决书》第7页中间一段,一审法院对被上诉人行政复议期间的计算作了认定“被告于2010年3月19日收到原告的行政复议申请材料,于2010年3月26日作出被诉不予受理决定,符合法律关于被诉行政行为期间的规定”。上诉人认为,被上诉人没有在法定的期间内,将不受理的决定书面告知上诉人,一审法院对被上诉人收到行政复议申请后的期间、送达认定是错误的。其一,《中华人民共和国行政复议法》第十七条前款规定“行政复议机关收到行政复议申请后,应当在五日进行审查,对不符合本法规定的行政复议申请,决定不予受理,并书面告知申请人;”这款规定是对不予受理的行政复议申请起始至处理结束完整的规定,其内容、程序乃至语句均完整。也就是说,对该期间的规定是五日。在五日内,要完成的是审查及书面告知,特别是“书面告知”前的“并”字,以连词的作用,与以上内容连接。因此,除去节假日,被上诉人应在2010年3月26日内作出不予受理决定,并在2010年3月26日内书面告知申请人。被上诉人是2010年3月26日作出不予受理决定,但在2010年3月30日以邮寄的方式以告知,告知的日期显然已超“并书面告知”的期间规定。其二,一审法院的认定是“清楚”了审查的“期间”,模糊了告知的“期间”,并将二个“期间”隔离开来。尽管一审法院引用了《中华人民共和国行政复议法》第四十条“行政复议期间的计算和行政复议文书的送达,依照民事诉讼法关于期间、送达的规定执行”的条款,但一审法院对该“书面告知”的期间规定仍没有明确天数的法律依据和认定。其三,国家相关法律对“期间、送达”作了明确的规定。如果按照一审法院判案逻辑,凡只要落款上的日期符合法定的期间规定,告知早送达告知晚送达是另一码事,可随意地无期限地送达告知。这是一审法院对国家法律的背道而驰。一审法院采取曲解法律、滥用法律、回避事实等司法技能,目的是掩盖被上诉人违法的行政行为。一审法院判决行为违法。
综上所述,上诉人认为一审法院作出的《行政判决书》违背了《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》“保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益,维护和监督行政机关依法行使行政职权”的宗旨,违背了《最高人民法院关于行政诉讼证据苦干问题的规定》第五十三条“人民法院裁判行政案件,应当以证据证明的案件事实为依据”、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》第四条“人民法院审理行政案件,以事实为根据,以法律为准绳”、第五条“人民法院审理行政案件,对具体行政行为是否合法进行审查”的规定,存在故意违背“法律真实”的证明要求,庇护政府的违法行政行为似乎成了本能和本职,判决极不公正,判决行为违法,有愧天平。
以上事实清楚,证据确凿,恳请浙江省高级人民法院,重事实,重证据,支持上诉人的上诉请求,依法作出客观公正裁定。
此致
浙江省高级人民法院
上诉人签名:【略】
2010年 9月2日
附:本上诉状副本壹份
证据(移交)清单
上诉人:【略】
被上诉人:杭州市下城区人民政府
案由:杭州市下城区人民政府不履行行政复议法定职责案
|
编号 |
证据名称 |
形式 |
证明对象和内容 |
|
1 |
浙江省杭州市中级人民法院行政判决书 |
复印件 |
一审法院作出的判决行为 |
|
2 |
杭州市下城区人民政府不予受理决定书 |
复印件 |
被上诉人作出的具体行政行为 |
|
3 |
行政答辩状 |
复印件 |
被上诉人对作出具体行政行为的答辩 |
|
4 |
证据清单 |
复印件 |
被上诉人提供的证据,认为属于证据 |
|
5 |
房屋拆迁公告 |
复印件 |
房屋主管部门作出的具体行政行为;上诉人属被拆迁的范围;产生法律上利害关系的依据 |
|
6 |
杭州市下城区发展和改革局下发改(2009)06号文 |
复印件 |
证明用地性质为商业开发、资金性质为自收自支 |
|
7 |
杭州市发展和改革委员会杭发改投资(2009)104号文 |
复印件 |
证明用地性质为商业开发、资金性质为自收自支 |
|
8 |
地字第330100200900339号《建设用地规划许可证》 |
复印件 |
证明用地性质为商业开发 |
|
9 |
中共下城区委、下城区政府2009年3月3日给原杭州市委书记王国平的报告 |
复印件 |
证明用地性质为商业开发 |
|
10 |
杭州市下城区机构编制委员会下编[2009]8号文 |
复印件 |
证明该文不是合法的批准文件 |
|
11 |
事证第133010300288号《事业单位法人证书》 |
复印件 |
证明资金来源非财政补助、证明公务员赵行光在自收自支事业单位兼职法人代表、证明自收自支事业单位的举办单位是下城区人民政府 |
|
12 |
下城区委组织部‘近期干部任免情况’ |
复印件 |
证明百井坊指挥部法人代表赵行光、副总指挥金本银是公务员 |
|
13 |
浙组[2007]52号文 |
复印件 |
证明“公务员一律不得在自收自支的事业单位兼职”的法规依据 |
|
14 |
送达信函收据 |
复印件 |
证明被上诉人行政复议的期间已逾期 |
|
15 |
被上诉人工作人员收到行政复议申请书的签名 |
复印件 |
证明被上诉人收到行政复议申请书的时间与方式 |
|
16 |
上诉人在一审法院庭审质证、辩论时的发言稿之一 |
复印件 |
论证被上诉人行政行为的违法 |
|
17 |
上诉人在一审法院庭审质证、辩论时的发言稿之二 |
复印件 |
论证被上诉人行政行为的违法 |
|
18 |
上诉人在一审法院庭审质证、辩论时的发言稿之三 |
复印件 |
论证被上诉人行政行为的违法 |
|
19 |
上诉人的身份证复印件 |
复印件 |
上诉人的合法身份与住址 |
|
20 |
上诉人的《土地使用权证》 |
复印件 |
上诉人持有合法的房屋土地使用权证 |
|
21 |
上诉人的《房屋所有权证》 |
复印件 |
上诉人持有合法的房屋所有权证 |
本清单共2页,与行政上诉状一并提供。
2010年 9 月 2日
[来自iPc.me] 现在买房子,傻瓜才自己掏钱!说出来吓死你……
首先,本文真实性未经证实,相信与否全凭各位读者智慧,有关责任请跨省至文章作者。其次,感情我这个屁民是傻子……
iPc.me 猜你可能还会喜欢:

【古拉格笔记】161-170
161劳改营营长沃罗比约夫大尉看中了一个匈牙利芭蕾舞女演员,后者很不配合,完全无视管教干部正常的生理需求。沃大尉不得不采取专政,含泪强奸了女芭蕾。完事还体恤下属,让看守们排队释放了革命激精。
162特种劳改营里禁照片,自己的照片不行,亲人的照片也不行,搜着就烧。有个政治犯阿姨喜欢音乐,弄了张柴可夫斯基的照片摆着瞧。看守发现,没收焚烧外加三天禁闭。阿姨说这可是柴可夫斯基啊!看守说:兔斯基也不行!
163一八八六年沙皇颁布一项法令:凡是有害健康的劳动,即使罪犯本人愿意去做也不允许。到斯大林时代,有害健康的劳动,即使罪犯本人不愿意做也得做。于是,几百万人在铜矿煤矿得了硅肺矽肺。
164某劳改营营长切切夫尊重知识分子,专门给生物物理学家奇热夫斯基弄了个空屋子当实验室。奇热博士在这间屋里发明了简易的防矽肺的面具,切切夫说,不错,但不能投产,不戴面具照样干活嘛,何况人员需要不断更新!
165就在新中国要立起来的那年夏天,斯帕斯克劳改营每天都来两辆大卡车,在停尸房干活的一个爱沙尼亚人数过,每天大约70具尸体被拉走。冬天,这个数字增加到上百人。尸体的手脚从卡车木条缝隙里伸出来随着车的颠簸舞动,像是给活人告别。
166劳改营规定每年可以写两封信给家人。当然,这两封信家人多半收不到。比如有俩囚犯被派去修理信件检查科的炉子,结果发现炉膛里有几百封信——信件检察官忘了点火了。不过没用,囚犯不敢拿回那些信,除非活腻歪了。
167索尔仁尼琴出狱后打听到,斯帕斯克劳改营营长切切夫生活在卡拉干达市,享受退休将军待遇。切切夫在劳改营期间,从他那儿运出了将近一万具尸体。没啥,将军功过也三七开,那是为党和人民采矿,死点人也是正常的。
168说实话我要是进了劳改营很可能会当个告密者,逮谁告谁。干最累最毒的活、吃最差最少的饭还可忍耐,要命的是禁止读书、写字。如果让看守搜出个有字的小纸片你就惨了,哪怕是列宁选集都不行。
169劳改营的政治犯们没有名字,只有胸前的号码,比如9527。有一群新来的女犯人竟敢拒穿号码囚服,她们是因为信教被送来的,所以女信徒们说,宁死不穿魔鬼的印记!结果被扒光了,轰到雪地里冻着,领导们欣赏裸体之余,觉得寒冷会让女人们求他们给自己号衣穿的。
170领导们错了,女教徒们真的宁可冻死也不穿。最后劳改营屈服了而不是犯人屈服,最终女教徒们穿上了自己的衣服,胸前没有数字。斯帕斯克劳改营历史上,只有这几十个女人到死到释放也没穿过带号码的囚服。
自由选择啤酒是一种权利
笔者年少时,常在课堂上被老师教导:中国历史悠久,地大物博。久而久之,幼小的心里滋生了作为大国国民的自豪感。但做大国国民为什么值得自豪,却没有能力去思考。随着年岁渐长,阅历增加,才明白大国国民的自豪感,并非平白无故地养成,一定和多数国民的利益攸关。比如,一个大国更有综合实力抵抗外侮,其国民比小国家国民更能有安全感;一个大国国民的疆土广阔、物产丰富、市场巨大,国民能获取更好的、更便宜的商品,否则的话就要购买因关税而昂贵的进口商品。
以啤酒为例,中国人特别是呆在北京、上海的市民,很有口福品尝这个大国不同地区、不同味道的啤酒。假如有人采取不正当的手段,剥夺了一个地区居民选择啤酒的权利,那么会怎样?
这样的事情在现实中还真不用“假如”,前不久它就发生在一个13亿人大国的首都北京。据《经济观察报》4月30日报道,品牌诞生于沈阳的华润雪花,其原汁麦啤酒在北京市场遭遇当地最大的啤酒企业燕京啤酒的恶意收购,并放在露天日晒雨淋,然后再投入市场倾销。如此既扰乱雪花啤酒的市场,又导致其口味大打折扣而伤害雪花的品牌。
作为一个喝燕京啤酒长达16年历史的北京市民,我对燕京啤酒厂家这种行为感到非常的遗憾和伤心。消费者对某种品牌的忠诚度是建立在企业优质的产品、良好的服务之基础上,而不是靠通过不正当的竞争手段,把别的企业挤走挤垮,市场上独此一家让消费者别无选择。也许由于长期饮用我的口味更亲近燕京啤酒,但我坚决捍卫我选择其他啤酒的权利。
能否自由地选择啤酒,这不是一件小事,而是关乎一个现代公民的天然权利。无论在经济领域还是政治领域,只有充分、公平的竞争,才可能有更好的服务更优质的产品,这是现代社会的一个常识。假如北京这个啤酒市场由某一家企业垄断,哪怕这家企业以前做得很不错,但由于再没有了竞争者,就没有了不断技术创新,不断推出更好产品,不断提高服务水平的动力,它可以操纵价格、降低服务,从而牟取暴利。就如80年代王蒙一篇小说《坚硬的稀粥》描写的情形:老爷爷作为一家之主,要求家庭所有的成员早晨只能喝稀粥,不管喜欢不喜欢。那位老爷爷靠的的是家族权威“钦定”一种早餐,而燕京啤酒靠的是自己雄厚的势力、不正当的手段来排挤其余品牌的啤酒,本质上都是伤害多数人自由选择的权利。
一个大国的形成,有政治上的原因,但经济上的原因同样不容忽视,人们需要有一个统一的、彼此开放的市场,从而有统一的需要。而非画地为牢,自成一体,如此必然导致民众生活质量的急剧下降。这个道理,连两千年的司马迁都很明白,他在《史记•货殖列传》中写道:“太行山以西饶有木材、竹子、楮木、野麻、旄牛尾和玉石,太行山以东多出鱼、盐、漆、丝和音乐、女色,江南盛产楠木、梓木、生姜、木犀、金、锡、铅矿石、丹 砂、犀牛角、玳瑁、珠玑、兽角、皮革,龙门山、碣石山以北产马、牛、羊、毛毡、毛皮和兽筋、兽角,铜、铁则在千里山峦中布满,如同摆满棋子的棋盘一 般。这仅仅是物产分布的大概情况。这些物品都是中原人民所喜爱的,是百姓们衣着饮食与养生送葬所必备的东西。所以,人们依赖农民耕种来供给他们食物,虞 人开出木材来,工匠做成器皿来,商人输通这些财物。这难道还需要政令教导、征发人民如期集会来完成吗?。。。。。物价低廉,他们就寻求买货的门路,物价昂贵,他们就寻求销售的途径,各自勤勉而 致力于他们的本业,乐于从事自己的工作,如同水向低处流,日日夜夜而永无休止,他们不待召唤自己就赶来,物产不须征求而百姓们自己就生产出来。这难道不是自然之道么?”
中华民族是一个崇尚统一的民族,但在历史上的主流话语体系中,往往政治上的统一更受到重视市场的统一却被忽视,其实如果没有市场的一体化,政治上的统一又有什么意义呢?前几年,在啤酒这类地域性很鲜明的商品市场上,一些企业使用不正常的手段甚至动用行政权力搞贸易壁垒的新闻时有所闻,当时我就有个困惑,一个法律、政令统一的大国里,一地的啤酒不能在另一地自由销售,而多国林立的欧盟,其内部各种商品基本上实行零关税而自由流通,那么如何来认定什么是统一是什么是割据呢?
中国加入世贸组织已经是第十个年头了,世贸组织成员国承诺彼此不能搞贸易壁垒,各国政府也有责任处罚本国采取不正当竞争来排斥他国产品的企业。而在北京,一个知名的啤酒企业对另一家同样的中国企业采取如此手法打压,真有不知今夕何夕之叹!
“实名制”为什么
“实名制”为什么
何三畏
南方人物周刊
2010-08-26
中国隔“实名制”的信息社会越来越近了。从工信部到各级地方权力机关,一直在努力推进“网络实名制”。域名注册实名(包括只给机构注册,不给个人注册,站长照片留底);论坛实名;博客、微博实名等等。工信部部长李毅中8月17日在“中国互联网大会”上,特别询问了“微博是否为实名制”。而按照工信部的要求,“手机实名制”从9月1日起正式实施。出于对个人信息和隐私安全的顾虑,信息世界中的“实名制”比之于传统生活中的“火车票实名制”“买菜刀实名制”等更敏感。“手机实名制”可能要容易一些。但是,有关方面要求在2012年以前,对七亿多正在使用手机的一半以上(没有登记个人信息)的客户,“全部完成补登”,应该也是难事。
我不怀疑“办法总比困难多”,如果需要,到时候把“尚未补登”的号码一律“停止服务”,也就大功告成了。类似的事情移动电话公司不是没做过,它们一直以来不时这样小试身手。你的手机突然被停止了短信功能,打电话去问,它才给你一个“理由”:你的手机使用过“不良信息”。你当然问不着它凭什么规定判断“不良”,又依哪条法律破坏服务合约。到了网络世界,事情变成了屏蔽和删除。你的文章突然不见了,更是找不到报案和申诉的渠道。南方都市报8月23日报道,网络公司对网民实行屏蔽和删除,是一种工作常态。搜狐公司“每天屏蔽五千条微博”,“平均每十几条就屏蔽掉一条”,而用于监控的敏感词有1000多个,含有“敏感词”的帖子就“直接删除”。
其实在这样的情况下,已经很少有“合法的公民”了。每一个网民,甚至直接管理互联网的公务员,都可能触及“敏感词”而被取消发表。这一方面是因为“敏感词”的数量庞大,最主要的是,它不是公开的价值尺度,不是可以学习的知识,制作者自己也不可能全部掌握。所以,每一个人都可能触犯它。但必须指出,正如警察必须以公开的法律执法一样,网络公司当然没有权利以密不示人的暗器扫荡互联网。顺便说一句,这样的非法治化管理,使得网络上开始流行“火星文”,给汉语文化带来不可低估的影响。而这些问题跟“实名制”有关系吗?手机用户打电话去投诉移动公司了,网民写帖子控诉网络公司了,这不相当于自己去“投案”了吗,它还不理你呢,实名有什么用?所以,问题不在于实名不实名,而在于依法不依法。具体地说,移动公司和网络公司被默认了一种可以处罚一般公民的不可思议的权利。然而,在这种情况下,他们还在惦记一部分没有交出实名的用户。
那么,“实名制”的目标是什么?有关方面为什么这样钟情“实名制”?为什么不强调“法治”,不讲依法管理通讯和网络信息,而是如此努力地追求“实名制”?“实名制”到底是管理,还是管制?人们为什么对“实名制”敏感?
且不说“实名制”到底是不是必须,网络世界是不是不能像传统社会一样,公民照例可以有使用笔名、化名和匿名发表、交流的自由;就因为现实的法治环境,当人们被要求把自己的身份信息交给通讯公司和互联网公司的时候会感到担心和忧虑,也是可以理解的。事实上,人们并不非天生排斥“实名制”。一直以实名使用手机和上网的大有人在。尽管他们的权利往往受到伤害,他们的信息经常被盗用,但他们仍然耐心地以实名守候着法治的好转。他们特别需要法律的保护。当然,中国并非没有信息管理法规。搜索互联网,会跳出一长串相关法规呢。不过,事实告诉我们,这些法规不能保护公民的信息安全,不能让公民的权利不受侵害,不能让公民权利受到侵害以后,获得法律的公正。
只有法治化的政府才会有效保护公民的信息安全,反过来,在这样的社会里,人们也不会特别惧怕在需要的时候交出自己的个人身份信息。近日有人举出世界上已经有法治国家要求公民在某种范围内实名使用互联网。问题的关键,恰恰是因为那是法治国家。法治化的政府让公民信任,“实名制”又节约了管理成本。这是好事情。不过,还有比“法治国家也要实名上网”更值得重视的消息:英国政府将在今年内为每一位公民建一个个人网页,公民可以在这里实现缴纳税费,办理护照驾照等个人事务,政府则计划在4年后实现无纸化,将节约一大笔开支。显然,这样的个人网页,等于向政府的多个部门,也包括一些社会机构和公司,开放了相当多的个人信息。比我们现在所讨论的“实名制”更彻底。当然,它也引起了一些人权人士的担忧,但没有我们这样纠结。
信息技术的天性就是给人类带来了前所未有的自由。我们应该相信进步,相信现在的许多管制是暂时的,过度性的。从前,当收音机进入中国的时候,“收敌台”是一个严重事件。现在,已经成为历史笑话。关于互联网的所有禁忌最终都要被互联网打破。“实名制”也罢,匿名权也罢,只要有法治,其它都是技术问题。(2010-8-24)
『小洛图说』幻影快递员
小洛:其实大家可以看出,所谓的幻影快递员其实是装置艺术,是UPS公司的一个宣传艺术。听说快递是个很黑的行业,抄友中哪位同我说说亲身经历?


相关文章
- 0
Recent Comments
- 石头打鸟 : @AURA, 我的那个包裹就是顺丰整的呢,其他的“通”我感觉服务还好些,顺丰包裹都不送呢,要送还要加...
- 瑶瑶 : @AURA, 我要是快递东西还是只用顺丰,贵就贵点吧,服务好。。。外资的没用过~
- 小洛 : @AURA, DHL之类的没用过,不知道价格如何呢?与SF比是哪个贵一点呢?
- AURA : 国内那几个“通”为首的廉价民营快递团伙把快递这个行业的名声搞臭了,剩下的顺丰服务最好但太贵。 而邮...
- 石头打鸟 : @小洛, 嗯,我也遇到过包裹被拆开的事呢,幸好没买贵重物品
加入小抄QQ:108870820;twitter;;sina;;renren (更多)
小抄荐书:
破玄:老子的密码(德经卷) / 罗永浩:我的奋斗/ 民主的细节 / 我们台湾这些年 / 常识
龙应台:目送 / 女人就是要有钱 / 不抱怨的世界 / 把时间当作朋友:运用心智获得解放
历史是个什么玩意儿2/ 吴思:潜规则-中国历史中的真实游戏 / 上司喂养手册(陆琪说职场)
使用 Android 2.2 的 Huawei U8150 要把现在的价格区间打破了! (21 留言)
分类: 智能手机

Huawei U8150 与以往的华为手机有点不同,使用原生 Android 2.2 接口,并不配备华为自订接口,而且首发时也没有内置 Adobe Flash Player 10.1,需留待十一月更新时才补回有关功能。最吸引是 Huawei U8150 售价在港币二千元以下,较现时的入门级 Android 手机更便宜。
嘿,华为,我们的联系方式在这里啊。
继续阅读全文 使用 Android 2.2 的 Huawei U8150 要把现在的价格区间打破了!
此文章网址 | 转寄此文章 | 回应并非电影
作者:闾丘露薇 | 评论(8) | 标签:小贩, 小贩管理队, 城管, 法律, 香港, 官话
一个七十四岁的老婆婆,因为在街边非法摆卖指甲钳等小商品,被食物环境卫生署的小贩管理队拘捕。老婆婆跪地求情,执法者不为所动,引发围观的街坊不满,一名七旬老伯伯挺身而出理论,双方引发争执,有小贩管理队队员报称受伤,警察介入,结果老婆婆和伤者送院,老伯伯惹上官非。
跪地求情,看得人鼻子发酸。以为在当今社会,这样的情景应该只有电影里面才有,但却是现实。就是前些天发生的事情。而如果真的是电影,通常还会有皆大欢喜的结局,显示执法者人情味的一面,除非要把执法者彻底描绘成反面角色。
这是去年的事情。
一名香港的流动小贩,在街边卖雪糕,为了多做点生意,附带卖起了棒棒糖。小贩原本开一家小店做小生意,只不过租金年年涨,生意再也做不下去。和太太都是伤残人士,找工作难,但是又不愿意拿政府失业援助,想自食其力,于是申请了小贩牌,每个月能赚上六千多元,维持生计。
生意做了不够半年,他被政府的食物卫生环境局告上了法庭,指他阻塞交通以及贩卖未在牌照内指名的商品,就是棒棒糖。不过在法庭上,裁判官责备控方只因为小贩卖30支棒棒糖告他,实在是处事缺乏弹性。建议执法者应该酌情处理,先劝谕警告,屡劝无效才上法庭。不过控方认为,如果纵容犯法行为,对其他的小贩不公平,而且让前线执法人员无所适从。
最终裁判官认为,小贩刚刚入行缺乏经验,而且没有案底,案情又不严重,轻判罚款一百元。这位72年出生的法官说,能够坚持在炎炎烈日下在街头摆档,其实是好事情,他亲自向小贩解释牌照的要求,并且强调政府执法,是为了保持街道整洁,并非为难他,他鼓励小贩,不要因为这次检控而影响工作,还承诺,如果正好经过他的小摊档,一定会去帮衬。
结果,几个星期前,法官遵守承诺,来到他的摊位前买了一瓶矿泉水,并且让他不要泄气,努力工作。
又好像在看电影:一个背负生活压力的底层百姓,遇到铁板一块的执法人员,在一个仁心仁意的法官面前,原本沉重冰凉的现实变得有点希望。这样的故事,看得人心里面暖暖的,而且,这不是电影。
还好,香港还有独立的司法,有不仅讲法理,也讲情理的法官,明白司法制度最大挑戰是要確保法律面前,人人平等。小贩管理队毕竟不是城管。这个月底就要退休的首席大法官李国能就指出,最大的挑战是确保实现普及的司法公义,在大多数的市民,包括中小型企业,都难以承担诉讼所涉及的庞大法律费用的时候,需要采取一系列的措施来作出纾缓,包括增加法律援助,向没有代表律师的涉讼人提供帮助,法律界提供法律公益服务以及使用调解服务等。
管理街头的非法小贩,当然是小贩管理队的职责所在,但是每当涉及到弱势群体的时候,执法的手法如果不尽人情,往往会引发公愤,甚至影响到政府的形象。这些人之所以宁愿做非法小贩,也不呆在家里面拿政府综援,有的是不耻不劳而获,也有的,希望综援可以帮助那些更需要帮助的人们。当政府不断告诉大家,要发扬狮子山下精神,却不让这样的生存方式存在空间的时候,很让人怀疑,所谓的狮子山下精神,是不是就是要心甘情愿的被剥削?
小摊小贩,是一个自力更生的方式,而这样的方式,在六七十年代的香港,孕育出一代中产,在八十年代的内地,孕育出第一批的富人,而在美国,小摊贩也曾经是美国梦的第一步。小摊小贩也是很多人的回忆,曾经是城市文化一部分,但是,最近这些年,却开始和公共卫生,市容势不两立。是人们的价值追求改变?还是被标签?
内地最近出了一本书,讲述的是香港官员的为官之道。香港食物环境署署长卓永兴说:”内地的小贩管理困难重重,香港的小贩管理则从容很多。我觉得这是两个社会处于不同的发展阶段而导致的必然结果。在香港,我们很多时候把小贩看做一种人文风景,对有技术的街头工匠进行保育。但反观内地,这么多的无牌小贩,随机贩卖食物,不要说保育,就是管理也是困难重重。“
书名叫做”并非官话“,唉,作为香港人,看看现实,只能说,这是把官话说的不像官话的一种新的境界而已。
从“李一案”谈新闻的自由市场
一月之内,道长李一仙人梦碎。
7月26日,南方人物周刊推出关于李一的封面报道,文中李一仙气飘飘,道貌岸然。但旋即,7月27日南方都市报率先刊出报道,质疑李一水下闭气142分钟;7月29日时代周报推出评论专题,质疑李一是巫术还是宗教;8月4日南方周末整版刊出《李一“成仙”》;同日时代周报两个整版刊出《缙云山疑云:李一是谁?》,多角度质疑李一。随后新京报、华商报等多家媒体跟进,结果发现,所谓“仙家李一”,也许不过是个江湖术士,且涉嫌利用宗教敛财、逃避判决执行,甚至涉嫌强奸女弟子。8月12日,重庆北碚区民宗局接受李一弟子举报,对李一展开调查。8月18日,官方称李一涉嫌强奸的举报失实,但其“水下生存两小时”属虚假宣传,“人体通电疏通经络预测疾病”不属于道教传统功法,已责令李一停止招生办班,有些问题还在进一步调查中。8月19日,南方都市报的报道更表明,在中国道教协会副会长李一的背后,站着成分复杂,包括官员、官方道教人士、商人、传媒人等各种人物在内的利益集团。
由“李一案”可以发见,失实报道完全可以在政府不干涉的情况下,通过媒体行业的自由竞争得到修正。这种自我纠偏机制,也是新闻的自由市场所天然具备的。所谓新闻的自由市场,概念实借于弥尔顿,其基本内涵是:真相通过各种新闻、观点的公开刊布和自由竞争获得,而不依赖政治或商业权力赐予。有时政治权力的介入,反而无助于真相。譬如圣元奶粉事件,圣元很可能是无辜的,但由于公信力已然虚弱如白血病人的政府的“帮忙”,反而导致多数人拒绝接受圣元不是丰胸奶粉的事实。政府这种“帮忙”,等于一脚把圣元踢下悬崖。在公众对权力正确或错误的质疑声中,局面反而复杂化,真相也越发暧昧不清。
事实上,新闻也是一种产品,围绕此产品将形成一个市场,读者即消费者,钞票即选票。在自由竞争的作用下,新闻产品自会优胜劣汰,而衡量优劣的主要标准,就是谁更接近真相。在新闻的自由市场上,除了竞争,也有互补。每个媒体都掌握部分信息,新闻的自由市场则能够将这些分布的信息整合起来,从而“分布搜索式地解决问题”(problem-sloving by distributed search)。
不过上述只是理想状态,在当代中国,新闻的自由市场尚处于微小青春期,要真正成熟,至少应具备以下诸条件:
一是信息的开放与自由流通。如非涉及国家安全、个人隐私、妨碍司法公正等特殊情况,信息都应如阳光一样开放,如空气一样自由流通,权力部门不能以维稳等名义封堵。不少人有个误区,以为信息开放与自由流通会导致谣言盛行,殊不知信息管制、媒体垄断才是谣言的温床。新中国假新闻最多、危害也最大的时期决非今日,而是大跃进时期,其时信息无法自由流通,党报又一家独大。
二是新闻媒体的行业共识。美国资深媒体人科瓦奇等2001年出版的《新闻要义》所提诸项值得借鉴,譬如新闻的首要义务是真实,新闻必须忠实于民众,媒体必须成为权力的独立监督者,媒体必须为公众提供一个批评与和解的讲坛等。
三是新闻从业者的个人职业精神。在当代中国社会,医生像杀手,城管像打手,教师像咸猪手,记者像歌手,乏耻感,无痛感,遑论职业精神?新闻从业者们是时候听一听普希金那首名诗了:“在我们的一生,是否用竖琴唤醒了人们善良的感情,是否歌颂过自由?在我们的残酷时代,又是否为倒下者呼吁过同情?”
在构建新闻的自由市场的同时,还应追求一种新闻共同体。“吾人知悉二掌相击之声,然则独手拍击之音又何若?”媒体若都因利益切割而断掉合纵连横,而原子化,那将是多么的孤独!媒体人需要相互温暖,将所有的竞争对手也看作同盟者,既在公共问题上因意见不同而往返辩难,也在恶人、恶相、恶势力抬头时鸣鼓而攻之。此种新闻共同体还应对行业外开放。从公民记者到网络意见领袖,都应是开放的新闻共同体的成员。事实上,非传统媒体从业者,常能为传统媒体提供第一手的有价值资讯,甚至可以对传统媒体的新闻报道作出快速修正。譬如8月7日南华早报报道华南师范大学出台新规,将开除当二奶的大学生,8月9日参考消息摘译此报道,经过数日发酵,8月16日于网络风传。网友“四一”第一时间发表博文指出此乃旧闻翻新,并作出缜密考证。翌日,平媒才在“四一”的考证基础上跟进,澄清假新闻。在此过程中,网友“四一”事实上已经参与到新闻的自由市场中来,并为后者注入新鲜活力。此案例也告诉新闻从业者,在网络时代,你写的每一句话都要有被人肉考据的准备。当然,政府新闻发言人更应听听这个忠告。
形成新闻的自由市场,结成新闻共同体,还将有助于公民社会的壮大。公民社会究其本质,是自下而上的一种力量,其结构是网状而非树状的。新闻的自由市场与新闻共同体恰好与之匹配:前者同样是网状结构,每个媒体就像每个公民或公民组织一样,都是网络中与他者携手并肩的一个节点;后者代表着不属于政治或商业权力的独立力量,其天职之一即是倾听民间声音并采撷精华,聚合陌生人,形成公共议题,构建泰勒所说的“理性人之共和”的公共领域。
身处今日中国,人们常会有“坐在火山口”的恐惧感与无力感,而公正、自由、开放的媒体,虽未必能充当最后的救赎力量,但至少能给人们一些聊胜于无的希望。普利策100多年前的话也许略显夸大,但其中的情感至今令人震撼:“我们的共和国将与媒体共存亡。……有能力、公正、具有民众精神的媒体,能够维护公众品德,而缺乏它,人民大众的政府将既虚伪又可笑……最终会制造出一个同样卑劣的民众。塑造共和国未来的力量掌握在未来的媒体人手中”。
事业单位独招女性 面试喝酒跳舞
他们的“单位”这样干“事业”,老百姓“三俗”一下都不行!
事业单位独招女性 面试喝酒跳舞

网上公示入围名单(截图)
核心提示
近日,记者接到知情人士报料,称抚州市乐安县今年7月举行了一场只面向女性的事业单位招考。
面试先于笔试进行,成绩占总分八成,喝酒、跳舞和乘车“遛弯”成为面试内容,酒量、斟酒动作、舞姿、仪态举止及是否晕车都列入考察范围,而最终公布的6名入围者大多来自官员背景家庭。
8月16日,当地相关单位证实考试形式和内容确有其事,称这是根据接收单位特殊的岗位要求而制定的,并无不妥。乐安县人事部门也表示,6名入围者在公示期间,有关单位没有接到反对意见,6人已基本确定将被录用。
别开生面的面试
一色的女孩,腰贴号牌、自我介绍、才艺展示、形象气质考察、评审团打分……乍一看,这似乎是某个选美或选秀活动的现场。事实上,这只是一次事业单位招考的面试情形。7月25日,这一幕就发生在抚州市乐安县人事劳动和社会保障局(乐安县人事局)安排的考场上。
日前,有知情人士向记者报料,乐安接待服务中心、旅游资源开发办公室于今年7月进行了一次公开招考,考试的内容和形式与以往熟知的事业单位招考有很大区别:考生被要求当场参加酒宴,以观察考生的酒量、斟酒动作等;通过跳舞来观察考生的舞姿和身形;所有考生均被组织乘车在县城“遛弯”,以判断考生是否晕车。
“喝酒和跳舞算是‘才艺展示’,乘车能力考的是‘临场应变能力’,主办方给这次考试作出解释。”该知情人士称,此次招考对象仅限女性,参加考试的考生多是年轻貌美的姑娘,纵观整个考试过程,“简直就是一场‘选美比赛’,根本无法和严肃的事业单位招考联系起来”。
面试先于笔试成绩占总分八成
接到报料,记者随即登录乐安县政府网站查询,在该网站的公告公示栏下,乐安县人事局于7月14日发布的一则《乐安县接待服务中心、旅游资源开发办公室招聘工作人员公告》称:“根据工作需要,为提升乐安县对外整体形象和旅游资源开发服务水平……决定面向社会公开招聘全额拨款事业单位工作人员6名,其中乐安县接待服务中心3名,旅游局旅游资源开发办公室3名。”
根据公告,报考者除须满足“全日制普通院校大专及以上毕业生”的条件外,还必须是“女性,未婚,23周岁以下(1987年7月1日以后出生),身高160cm以上,五官端正,形态良好”。
最特别的是,公告的招聘程序显示,面试先于笔试。如知情人士所称,“面试内容包括言语表达、才艺展示、临场应变能力等”,单从公告来看,很难想像这些考试项目的指向竟然是喝酒、跳舞与乘车。
另外,考试的总分计算方式也很引人关注,“按面试成绩的80%与笔试成绩的20%之和计算总成绩”,也就是说,评分相对灵活的面试成绩占总成绩八成。
采访中,一些了解情况的人士称,考试程序和成绩的比重设置,给人留下了遐想空间。
招考单位详解面试过程
8月17日,记者向招考单位之一,乐安县委、县政府接待办求证此事。县接待办负责人坦承,此次招考在内容与形式上确实和以往有所不同,但并非简单的喝酒跳舞乘车等。该负责人向记者详细地介绍了面试的全过程。
由于招考公告对考生身高等外形条件作了严格规定,考生报考时就被要求通过身高测量,“不达标的直接丧失报名资格”。面试前一小时,组织单位再次测量了考生的身高,“当场又刷掉了9个,其中不乏一些领导的小孩”。
最终确定有资格参加面试的考生后,面试正式开始。首先,考生按顺序逐一自我介绍,“这主要是看考生的言语表达能力,吐字是否清晰,同时也能对考生的个人形象气质有个直观的判断”。
接下来是才艺展示。根据考生各自的情况,选择展示的项目各有不同。“有唱歌的,有跳舞的,但以唱歌居多,也有专业的。”该负责人说,并未要求所有的考生都跳舞,“有个女孩就选吹萨克斯,一下子让人眼前一亮”。
下午4时许,面试进行了将近一天,考生又被安排集体乘车出行。“坐我们平时专门接待用的中巴,一车人一起绕着县城里最崎岖坎坷的山路转几圈。”该负责人说,因做接待工作,常要陪来访者在县里各地参观,而且接待人员站立方向通常都与行车方向相反,这更考验乘车能力,若容易晕车,会给工作带来很多不便,“车子一动你就吐,还怎么跟客人介绍呢?”
“喝酒”的情节发生在当天晚上。“那天我们刚好有个接待任务,于是临时决定,让这些考生也参加晚宴,给她们一个‘实战’的机会,看她们会有怎样的表现。”于是,组织者给考生重新编号,腰上贴好号牌,场外准备5分钟,逐一进入宴客厅,直接和在场宾客交流。
“当晚出席的有我们县里几位主要领导,还有上级领导,一共十七八位,每人发了纸笔,上面标有优、良、一般等不同等级,根据考生的表现分别作出评判。”该负责人强调,这并不是面试预设的内容,也不是硬性考查的指标,“我们只是把结果提交给面试考官,为他们提供一个侧面的参考。”
据称,酒量也不是硬性指标之一,考生们甚至没有被要求一定要喝酒。“当然,你如果能一滴酒都不碰,还能把领导说得高兴了(喝酒),那也是你的能力。”
特殊考试只为特殊岗位
对于这次事业单位招考如此与众不同的安排,当地相关部门的解释为“岗位的特殊性决定的”。
8月16日,乐安县人事局负责组织招考工作的干部股工作人员戴国华称,将面试安排在笔试之前,是根据这次招考单位的岗位要求制定的。“接待办和旅游资源开发办都是需要和来访者接触的部门,代表的是我们当地和政府的形象,对个人形象的要求当然要高一些,先安排面试也是为了保证最后招到的人是适合这个岗位的。”
至于面试比重占总成绩的八成,戴国华解释说,这都是经过招考工作领导小组讨论决定的,是充分考虑岗位的实际情况的结果。
县接待办负责人同样认为,这样的考试安排合乎岗位需求。“这次招人的两个岗位都是直接和人打交道的,对工作人员的综合素质要求非常高,我们希望最后入围的考生都能是‘多面手’,所以才先安排面试。”
在她看来,面试成绩比重大并不影响最后招录人员的素质:“我们要求报考者必须具备大专以上学历,符合这个条件的,文化素质本身就有保障了。”
该负责人称,作为代表乐安形象的两个岗位,招考形式本来就比别的单位要灵活,更看重面试,并且别的县市早有先例,此举并非乐安独创。同时,她表示,不排除继续沿用推广此招考形式的可能。
入围者多为“官二代”?
此次招考的相关单位均认为,特殊的考试安排并不会导致结果有失公允,“我们严格秉承公平、公开、公正的原则。”戴国华介绍,为了保证公平,面试的考官都是从外市请来的,面试前刚到,之前从未和考生接触过,这从源头上杜绝了“打招呼”的可能。县接待办负责人亦称,作为招考单位的工作人员,自己全过程回避,只有面试时参加了巡考,“也没看到所有考生的表现,连我都不知道有谁参加考试。”
同时,为了以示公正,卫生、纪检监察、组织、人事等部门都参加了招考工作,“尽量做到严格把关”。
“至少到目前为止,我们未收到一封关于这次考试的举报信或投诉材料,说明考试结果还是受到了普遍认可。”戴国华说。
然而,据知情人士透露,这次事业单位招考最后公布的6名入围者几乎都来自官员背景家庭,甚至有些相关官员恰好参与了本次招考的组织工作。
记者从乐安县政府网站上的公示栏看到,7月30日有则“入围名单公示”,入选者分别是:王某、陈某、傅某、邹某、袁某和何某。
知情人士称:“第一名王某的父亲是乐安县人事局局长,第二名陈某是县纪委副书记、监察局长的外甥女,第三名傅某的父亲是抚州市某局长的司机,第四名邹某是县监察局副局长的女儿,第五名袁某的父亲是县工商局某分局局长,第六名何某则是人事局编制办主任的女儿。”
8月18日,记者试图向当地相关部门确认以上信息,却始终无法和对方取得联系。但通过查询政府信息,乐安县人事局的确有位王姓局长和何姓编制办主任,而该县也确有一位袁姓工商分局局长。
记者在当地走访了部分市民,有不少人表示知晓此事。对于招考的结果,多数人表示见怪不怪,“官员家的小孩总是要比普通百姓家的要容易考上”。
乐安县人事局表示,6名入围者的公示期已过,领导小组也通过讨论决定,现在已经本确定以上6名入围者即为最终录用者。(新法制报 实习生张珊 记者付薇)
江雪:国企工人自杀,存折只剩4角6分钱
作者:翟明磊 | 评论(12) | 标签:华商报, 国企工人自杀, 壹报, 工人潘鸿强之死, 江雪, 潘鸿强
壹报发表此文,是因为符合壹报“欣然在野,哭歌民意”的报心,也让吹鼓手们所谓“盛世”留下一个见证。江雪是国内知名调查记者,是夫妻看黄碟被捕案的作者。深厚的人道关怀与法律专业素质是她特色。谢谢她对壹报的支持。真理部已禁止记者继续采访发表此事,此时,正是壹报要承担的时候。
在写给儿子的遗书上,他罗列了自己欠别人的900元债务,“谁看见谁帮我解决”。
自称“孤独者”的潘鸿强,生前是一名有31年工龄的国有企业工人。他的遗物之一是一张工资存折,死前存折里只剩下0.46元。
“他,是撑不住了。”……三名国企工人在抢救一位工友时,三人掏遍身上的钱,只有十二元……他曾拥有自己的房子又无力支付分期付款卖了……国企改制中他成为孤独者……
是什么“杀”死了潘鸿强?他的死是性格悲剧?还是在这个激流勇进、适者生存的社会中,中国传统产业工人彷徨转型的一个失败案例?
国企工人自杀,存折只剩4角6分钱
江雪 文 图
49岁的潘鸿强一直有个心愿,好好买块墓地,把父亲的骨灰安葬了。
这个心愿他揣了14年,可最终也没有实现。6月10日清晨,潘鸿强死了。他用一把刀结束了自己的生命。
在写给儿子的遗书上,他放下父亲的骨灰寄存证,并在遗书中罗列了自己欠别人的900元债务,“谁看见谁帮我解决”。
自称“孤独者”的潘鸿强,生前是一名有31年工龄的国有企业工人。他的遗物之一是一张工资存折。截至他死前的5月26日,存折里只剩下0.46元。
是什么“杀”死了潘鸿强?这个失意的中年男人,人生的“失败者”,其生前的彷徨困苦,某种程度上折射出中国产业工人的生存和精神状况。
清晨的死亡
6月9日晚6时左右,潘鸿强像往日一样去上班。
走出西安东郊韩北村那间巷子最深处的民房,穿过约50米的巷子,拐两拐,就到了大路上。步行不到10分钟,就到了位于幸福路的华山厂大门口。
正值下班,工人们涌出厂门,三三两两地回家。熙熙攘攘的人群中,潘鸿强低着头,步子比往常快一些。快到大门口时,“老伙计”耿田刚的女儿喊了他一声“伯伯”,他好像没听见,就过去了。
前一天下午,耿田刚在路上最后一次见到潘鸿强,他也是匆匆忙忙的,打个招呼就走了。交往20多年,耿田刚感觉潘鸿强这半年来变化很大,比以前沉闷,不太爱和人接触。半个月前,耿邀请他来自己家新房坐坐,他也回绝了,说自己没时间。
夏天的傍晚很热,潘鸿强穿过工厂的办公区,到了后面的厂区。这里的一草一木,他都很熟悉。他在这里出生、长大,顶父亲班成为一名工人,已经31年。大约3年前开始,他的岗位就是“值班”,也就是夜间看守厂房。
这是一座大约三四个教室那么大的老式厂房,有两层楼高,里边堆满笨重的机器。他的任务是定时拿手电筒巡视车间。
厂里本来是安排两个人值班,但为了多一天时间休息,两人约定,隔一天上一次班,这也得到了车间的默许。所以,夜间值班其实只有一个人。
大部分时间,走在空荡荡的厂房,潘鸿强能看到的,除了那些沉重的机器,就是自己的影子。车间的空气里是熟悉的机油味儿,累了,他也会偶尔和衣在长凳上打个盹儿。
大约晚上10点,车间一位负责人还见到他。“放心,这里有我没问题!”他说。
凌晨1点多,他接到一个朋友打来的电话。这个朋友有点口吃,他俩通话有十多分钟,闲聊中,他没有表现出异常。
公安机关调取的车间摄像头显示,出事前,他曾在车间里绕行好几圈,行为反常。
惨烈的死亡在天即将亮时发生。他用一把菜刀挥向自己的脖子,一地鲜血。
上午7时许,最早来上班的工人发现了倒在血泊中已死去的潘鸿强。死亡的时间被公安机关认定为清晨6时。
耿田刚是第一个接到电话赶往现场的人。“路上我还想,那么硬气的一个人,不可能是自杀,说不定是和小偷搏斗受伤的吧。”他说。
前妻冯萍闻讯赶到潘鸿强租的房子,开门迎面看见床上放的报纸,上面放着两张纸,那是他写在工厂记录上的“留言”。第一页写着他欠两个工友的账,一个300元,一个600元,共900元,还有信用卡欠款3000元。“谁看见谁帮我解决一下”。
有一页专门写给儿子:“从今往后你要全力地工作,为人做事一定靠本人,善待别人,生活一定要有记(计)化(划),别不多说,再见了,永别了。”落款“孤独者潘鸿强”,时间是2010年6月3日,距离他死前一星期。
遗书上压着一个黑色的小证件,那是潘鸿强父亲的骨灰寄存证。
“看到这个骨灰证,我就啥都明白了!”冯萍说,潘鸿强的父亲1996年车祸去世,因为当时手头紧,没有安葬,骨灰就一直寄存在殡仪馆。这些年他最大的心愿就是给父亲买个墓地。
“这现在是我的心愿了。好好买两个墓地,把他们父子安葬了。”7月12日,眼睛红肿的冯萍说。
四角六分钱
冯萍本已忍住眼泪,可拿起一家人的照片时,又哭了。
照片是2006年儿子考上了大学时,“一家三口”的合影。照片上,她站在两个男人中间,儿子高大帅气,潘鸿强也很精神。他从年轻时就那样,两道很浓的剑眉。40多岁了,拾掇拾掇,“还蛮帅”。
“瞧这张照片,儿子太像他爸了。”她说,那是另一张黑白照片,照片上的工人潘鸿强,留着80年代的大背头,尖领白衬衫,浓眉大眼,很俊朗。那是他曾经的青春。
他们在1985年相识,结婚。她家境优裕,母亲是特级教师,父亲从部队离休。而他是穷小子,从小没有娘,也没有兄弟姐妹,就和当工人的老父亲相依为命。或许是同情,或许是缘分,她不顾家里反对,和他好了。
结婚两年,他们有了儿子,从小平房搬到了简易楼房,但日子一直过得紧巴。作为工厂里最普通的工人,他的工资一直很低。这么多年过来,到2010年,他每个月拿到手的工资扣掉“三金”之后是850元。
日子紧,钱少,女人的委屈多得一箩筐。两个人也常常说不到一块儿去。“他是老工厂工人的样子,你能感觉到他老是缩着,缩着。”
生活总是离不开争执。2004年,他俩协议离了婚。离了,可她也没有离开家。一直到2007年5月,“最终下决心离开了那个家。”“离婚最主要是为了儿子!他工资太低了。离了我可以办低保,可以回娘家。孩子也可以名正言顺地让姥爷姥姥管。靠他,孩子上学咋办?”女人说到这里,哭得伤心。
儿子是军校委培生,一年学费9500元,基本上都是姥爷姥姥出。离了婚的冯萍办了低保,在外边打零工,有时兼两份工,推销东西,在网吧帮忙,一个月收入有两三千元,比他强。有时,他手头实在没钱,她就给他一两百元。
最后一次见面,他在电话里说:“萍,我没钱了,借你200元。等发工资还。”她说:“你用呗!还借啥呀。”他们在附近一个酒店门口碰面。拿了钱,他匆匆走了。
6月12日是冯萍生日,他们在电话里说好要和儿子聚聚呢。可6月10日,潘鸿强死了。
死去的潘鸿强身无分文。现场留下的遗物,除了钥匙、手电筒,工卡,就是一部欠费47元的三星手机。冯萍充上电,交了话费,“作为永久的纪念。”
能作为纪念的,还有一张工资存折,里边只剩下0.46元。
工龄31年的潘鸿强,每月发到手的工资是600元,由厂里发现金,然后,车间再给这个存折上补发250元。
这张2009年12月9日新换的存折显示,从2010年1月26日起,每月25日打入的250元工资,潘鸿强都是很快取走。在下次发放之前,存折里一般都只剩四五十元。
2010年5月9日,他取出了90元,卡里剩下4.06元;5月25日发了250元,当天他取了200元,次日又取了54元,卡里剩下0.46元。
在潘鸿强死后半个月,车间往存折上打入了250元的上月工资。只是这次,他没有再等到发工资的日子。
窘迫的日子
“他是撑不住了。”耿田刚说。
在耿田刚的记忆里,十几年前的潘鸿强也有快乐的日子。那时,他没离婚,周围的人,又和他一样——差不多地穷。除了自己的工资,还有父亲的退休金,日子过得还算轻松。
2000年,华山厂开始有数百工人下岗,到2005年,前后有几千人下岗。潘鸿强所在的车间因工种特殊,下岗的人不多,加上他是老工人,留了下来。可在耿田刚看来,没有下岗的潘鸿强算不上幸运。
他们是20多年的同事、朋友了。2004年,同是车间工人的耿田刚和妻子相继下岗。为了生活,耿田刚和妻子一起做生意,折腾了几年,度过最难熬的几年,渐渐有了起色。如今,他们虽然不算富裕,但“和工厂相比,已经强多了”。大约一个月前,耿田刚装修好了新房。虽然还背着一点债,但生活不会受影响。
而潘鸿强依旧围着机器转着。
大约三四年前,车间开始实行计件工资,潘鸿强腰有伤,加上患糖尿病,干不动活。别人能出100多个活,他最多出60个。有几个月才拿二三百元工资。最后,还是朋友托人说话,车间照顾他,才有了这个轻松点的“值班”岗位。所有工资加起来,每月能拿850元。
可他依旧为钱发愁。在耿田刚的印象里,这几年,潘鸿强的日子越来越拮据。“我常接到他的电话,说没饭吃了。有时叫他到家里来吃,有时给他点钱,有时一二百,有时二三百元。作为朋友,哪个月我不给他买两条烟!”
潘鸿强平时抽4元钱一包的“延安”。每个月发了工资,先买米面油,再买两条烟。可到月底,往往就“弹尽粮绝”了。
耿田刚认为这个老朋友并不是大手大脚的人。“实在是工资低,用钱的窟窿也太多了。别人有家,两个人撑着。他一个人,也没有兄弟姐妹。连个‘混饭’的地方也没有。加上看病、租房、交房贷,确实困难!”他说。
潘鸿强所在的车间有互助工会。近一年多来,几乎每个月,他都要向工会借款一二百元。
在耿田刚的印象里,潘鸿强也想过改变。他一直谋划着“干点啥”。可干啥呢?他没本钱,也没有亲戚朋友可借。何况,围着机器转了30多年的他,又会干啥呢?
“现在这时代啊,有智吃智,无智吃力。他啥都没有。再说,在工厂呆那么长时间,人的脑子都木了。他也想去应聘,但以他的年龄、身体,出去也就是给人看个大门。”耿田刚说。
这个失意的中年男人,最终日子越过越拮据。“据我所知,他常常是饥一顿,饱一顿。去他那里,常常是空空荡荡地,啥都没有。”耿田刚说。
而他又好面子。红白喜事,别人要掏二百,他咬咬牙,也要掏。“他爱充大头”,工友的妻子这样说。
而在朋友眼中,潘鸿强是个重感情、讲义气的人。“他心性强,在人跟前从不示弱。谁想在他跟前说风凉话,没门!”耿田刚说,虽然潘鸿强对人都很和气,脾气也好,但并不是嘻嘻哈哈的人。这个在朋友眼中“很硬气”的男人,平时的爱好是和朋友们喝点酒。最常喝的是不到10元钱一瓶的太白。
今年春节,他们两家人聚了一次,吃烤鸭。那次他看起来还算高兴。“多年没见他开心了!其实有啥开心的事呢,又不像人家有房有车。去年,要分房了,本来是高兴的事,对他,倒成了灾难。买了一屁股债。”耿田刚叹息着。
沉重的房子
在亲人和朋友的眼中,压垮潘鸿强的“最后一根稻草”,是房子。
结婚后,潘鸿强一直住在一个叫新立村的厂区宿舍。那是个大杂院,住了大约100多户人家,几乎都是车间的工人。
新立村的日子是熟悉而亲切的。他在那里出生长大,周围都是老邻居、穷朋友,常常,人们下班回来,在门口一站,就能聊半个小时。在大院里,大家都喊他“小民”,那是他的小名。
一直到出事前,新立村都是潘鸿强最愿意去的地方。虽然近两年厂里要拆迁,老邻居们都搬走了。可他还是不习惯,常常拐弯到院子里去看看,即使老院子已被厂里整体租了出去,曾经最熟悉的大杂院已变得陌生。
2004年左右,工厂住房改革。厂里在旁边的车间腾出一块地方盖福利房。这些一辈子住平房、简易楼房的工人们,也可以住商品房了。“虽然是好事,可没有几家不愁的。家里都紧,要买房都差钱啊。”冯萍说。
他俩一起交了房子的4万元首付款。冯萍说,家里没积蓄,全是借的,要付利息,比银行略高一些。收房交钥匙时,实际面积90多平米,比当初登记的大点,又补交了4000多。
2009年初,要拆迁了,厂里要收回院子租出去。潘鸿强在附近的韩北村租了一间约25平米的民房。一个月的房租加上水电费是270元。
等新房装修时,潘鸿强发现自己根本无能为力。他没和冯萍商量,就和工友换了房子,把90多平米换成了70多平米。人家给他补了两万元。他又借了些钱,开始装修。
冯萍能看出,他是用心去装修这个房子的。他自己设计,卧室铺成复合木地板,客厅铺瓷砖。这毕竟是他一生第一次拥有自己的房子。可装修太花钱,常常就没钱了,停停装装,一直到去年5月装好,花了约6万元。此时,潘鸿强已经是负债累累。“不知道这段时间他是怎么过的。”等冯萍知道时,潘鸿强已经把房子卖给了同事。70多平米的房子,连房子带装修,总共卖了16万余元。“知道房子卖掉了,我心都凉了。”冯萍说,可想着那么多债务逼着他,也实在是没办法啊!
卖了房子,他把2004年借的房款和利息、装修款还了,加上还了一些债,填了其他一些“窟窿”。冯萍说,最终,他只是“原吃原,打了个平手。”可在他死后,至今还有3万元的银行房贷。
他又住进了租来的房子。卖房的事一直也没给别人说。
这个“人生的失败者”,最终没有为儿子,也没有为因贫穷离开的妻子,实现曾经的承诺。他最终没有拥有这套让他付出了心血和梦想的房子。
“翻不过身来”
傍晚,78岁的苏玉芳在幸福小区的垃圾桶里翻拣瓶子。
说起潘鸿强,老太太就抹眼泪。“给他多烧点纸,在这边(活着时)难场,在那边不要也难场。”她拉着冯萍的手,絮叨着。
老人是华山厂的老职工,退休了。儿子吕洪生和潘鸿强也是“老兄弟”,老家都是河南的,又是老邻居。潘鸿强活着时,有事没事也爱来他家转。他们都知道彼此的“难场”。
2001年,吕洪生也下岗了,妻子也离了婚。19岁的儿子因受到其他刺激得了精神分裂症,每月都要吃药,一犯病就砸人家车玻璃。如今,一家老少三口指着老太太的退休金每月1030元还有孙子一个月290元的低保过日子。
幸福小区砖混结构的房子,一平米998元。这看起来已经极低的房价,对他们来说,也是不小的数字。事实上,相当多的普通工人家庭,为买房子都背了债。吕洪生家这套60多平米的两居室,是向姐妹们借钱买下来的。没钱装修,水泥地抹了抹,墙自己刷了刷,就搬进来了。
下岗后,吕洪生在外打零工,这么几年,也没有折腾出样子。“我一个大男人,出门脸上都火辣辣的。”他说。
不过对潘鸿强的死,他表示想不通。“这不,孩子就要大学毕业了,日子也会慢慢好起来啊。”
“他为什么要走这样的路?”记者问。
“他老是有一种翻不了身的感觉。老觉得自己比人低,啥都比别人低。”冯萍说。
“他一个人孤独,又不愿示弱。”这是耿田刚的答案。
不过耿田刚也认为,潘鸿强的处境并不是特例。其实在他们工厂,大家的生活都不太好。
“工人中午都是买点面或馒头,随便吃点。前些天我有事找工友帮忙,完了请大家吃饭,上两个好菜,几下子全没了。看得我心酸。”耿田刚说。
他举例说明工人们的窘况:前年,院子里的“石头哥”和几个人打牌,牌掉地下了去捡,犯脑溢血,送到医院去,在场的三个人掏遍全身就凑出了12元钱。人最终没有救过来。
“孤独者”
一直到父亲死了,儿子潘琦才觉得自己对他有了一些了解。整理父亲遗物时,他对妈妈说:“我在南京,每月的生活费都比爸爸一个月的工资高。”
这个23岁的年轻人,这个夏天刚从大学毕业。从小,他跟随姥姥姥爷长大。老人很心疼这个外孙,上大学后,每个月姥爷要给他寄去1100元的生活费。
“那边消费高,儿子个子高,吃的多,我也不能控制他。”冯萍说。多年来,她苦心经营,努力为儿子制造着一个相对舒适的环境。“如果靠我们两人,压根不可能供孩子上这个大学啊。”
上大学后,每次放假回来,潘琦都去看爸爸。爸爸出事前的这半年,他回西安实习,父子俩交流比较多一些。潘琦说,两人在一起,爸爸平时不会讲自己的工作,或许他觉得,天天孤零零上夜班看门,有啥可讲的呢。儿子就给他讲学校的事情,“啥都讲”。
在潘琦的印象中,最后这一年多,爸爸住的地方,是最深的巷子里“见不到阳光的角落”。但这并不妨碍父子俩享受他们的生活乐趣。
“爸爸做啥饭都好吃,尤其是面。他自己和面、擀面,擀的面特筋道。”潘琦一米八三的个头,高大帅气。他知道,爸爸是以他为骄傲的。他也知道,别人曾调侃爸爸。“就你那点工资,连双鞋都给娃买不起。”
今年大年三十晚上,潘琦陪姥姥姥爷吃完饭,去找爸爸。爸爸在车间值班,跑出来两个小时,爷俩一起在家喝了酒。
“他值夜班几年了,冬天披个军大衣,揣两个蛋糕就走,他牙不好。夏天穿布鞋,喜欢用矿泉水冻一瓶冰,带着去上班。”这是儿子对父亲的记忆。
他知道爸爸没钱,从不向爸爸要钱。潘鸿强呢,每次吃完饭要去上班,总是要塞给儿子一点钱,一般都是五十,还有二三十的,儿子懂事,有时就给他留下了。
“我特别难受的是,他老是一个人上夜班,厂房那么大,他一个人,就那么一直孤零零的。”潘琦说。
遗书上的“孤独者”几个字,让冯萍想起来就难过。她觉得他命太苦。襁褓中母亲就死了,和父亲哥哥相依为命,后来哥哥也煤气中毒死了。“一生都孤苦伶仃的。”
她有时心里会内疚。她也总是想起他的那些话,低低的无奈的声音:“我就生在这个工厂,就在这样的环境里。我不像别的男人有车有房,我只能靠工资吃饭啊。”
这个49岁的失意男人,一生没到别的地方去过。除了他生活的西安,只在姑姑去世时,回了两次河南。
在他死后,冯萍和儿子去与厂里交涉。厂里表示,按照相关法规,潘鸿强的自杀和厂里并没有关系,厂里只能给3000元的丧葬费。厂里同时“纠正”了他一个月只有850元工资的说法,说这些工资是扣掉“三金”之后的。另外,潘鸿强还有半年奖和年终奖等。但冯萍算了一笔账,即使这样,他每月拿到的工资也不过1000元钱左右。
厂方并不认为是工资太低造成他的困境。“按说工资还行吧。我们还有环卫工人,一个月才五六百元。”一位车间负责人说。
7月23日,厂方给出了最后的处理结果:给付潘琦抚慰金3万元。潘琦表示不能接受。
“其实我只是想弄明白,压垮我父亲的究竟是什么。”这个在父亲死后一直很沉默的年轻人说。
(特别说明:本文曾以《工人潘鸿强之死》为名发表在陕西《华商报》,壹报读者转载时请注明《华商报》版权。随后在网络上受到了一些人的攻击,说是潘鸿强吸毒,说他不会过日子,记者江雪继续采访当地派出所,证实所攻击的纯属造谣,其它媒体记者跟进时,受到真理部通知,不能采访发表,江雪经过修改补充后,将未删的原文发给壹报,壹报全文刊载)

才死了11个人
作者:王馨语 | 评论(5) | 标签:吉林省梅河口市, 梅河口市, 爱民医院, 建筑事故, CityBranding, 8月16日, 媒体, 煽情, 政治正确, 灾难, 甘肃舟曲
现在大家越来越觉得这节有些不够过的,这有可能是源于工业化社会中的企业和商家对消费者的消费引导和刺激,西方情人节过完了之后,还要把七夕这样的老古董拿出来秀一天。8月16号早晨当我下楼买花的时候,花店老板可能并不知道她也得了远在8000公里以外的一个“煽情社会”的好处。
8月16号这天,虽然在中华大地上无数朵花断了根,无数个避孕套拆了包装,但是还是无法跟8月15号相提并论,那是二战在东方战场的结束纪念日,多年来这一天耗费的鲜花量不是七夕能比的。就在那天,我打开了中国影视盗版巨头 “PPLive“看看尼古拉斯.凯奇的新片是否到位,发现当天所有节目停播,悼念甘肃舟曲特大山洪泥石流遇难同胞,据说是“自上往下”的悼念活动,跟往常一样,哇,我想活着的同胞们有福啦,连续两天可以将情感燃烧到最大值,15号可以花2块钱买几根蜡跟恋人到外面蹲一会,差不多可以获得16号买一个钻戒的效果。不过,所有这些都叫做”政治正确“,是社会毒瘤,还是传染性的。
可是16号七夕那天也死人了,非正常死亡,吉林省梅河口市市医院住院大楼的建筑工地上一驾升降机带着11个人从六楼摔落,全部11人死亡。我要是说舟曲那边全算是天灾可能有不少人反对,反过来我要是说梅河口死的这11个人完全是因为人祸就不会有人说不,天灾与人祸下都是可怜的生灵,但是数量不同,待遇不一样,16号的花还是到了众人的女朋友手里,我说咱们这花给我的老乡吧,我毕竟在那里生活过,没准还跟这11个人中的一些打过照面呢,我的她说好。
那天我发了一根黄金叶(河南名烟)给一个法国朋友,他说挺好看就点上了,我说“你要恭敬一点接这个烟,你当是你们的万宝路啊!”他不理解,我说“中国的烟是分等级的,你要是看见谁手里点了一根类似这样的烟,你可以认为他有钱,或者有权,或者他父亲有这些”,他说“那你爸是吗?”,我说”拉倒吧,我抽这个是因为我赚的是欧元“。中国发生的泥石流是全世界都知道的,我这个朋友还特意写邮件向我慰问,随后我告诉他我老家一工地上死了11人,他的反应比之前还要强烈,在他看来,人数不是决定灾难重要性的指标,相反他认为人祸要比天灾难以接受。我说”你得理解啊,如果像你们一样车祸死两三个人就上晚间新闻,那中国电视台就成了教会电视台了;你们政府高官公款买了几盒雪茄就丢了工作,我们的高官抽了你的好烟没准给你一个工作“。他说将来去中国的时候带点万宝路,我说那你会被轰出来的,还是带欧元吧。
我学了一些理论还没来得及写一写,要说这消费社会,人的购买欲望好像并不是来自于对产品的需求或喜爱,而是因为别人拥有了该产品,是一种嫉妒心理,甚至是仇恨,导致了模仿。媒体和记者也有同样的心理,当同行搞了一个新闻事件后,其他媒体很难挺住诱惑不去参合的,甘肃的灾难确实值得痛心,但是有些媒体确实没有必要参与进去,参与进去了也没有多大利益,但是有一家媒体幸免吗?照理说对于记念活动,媒体的职责最多是报道和分析,成为记念活动的领导核心是多余的,而连 PPLive都做了专题版面,是不是有些过了?何况据我观察,节目停播了,广告好像还在,可能人家心里清楚广告不算是娱乐活动。
如果说媒体有责任感,那么它要做的是拓展信息来源,挖掘事件背后的东西,跟从别人去搞大事件,搞记念虚伪的很。梅河口市发生的惨剧是小事吗?为什么向来在地下的矿难会引起关注,而天上掉下来的升降机无人问津?因为在媒体眼中,矿难是已经被炒熟了的题材,升降机能不能吃还不知道。梅河口这个县级市,虽然在搜索引擎上找不到太多信息,除了政府官方的,但是它跟任何一个市一样,每天都制造着许多的故事,有美好的,有悲惨的。一个几乎没有任何工业的城市,除了种植质量确实一流的大米的农民,政府机关铁路部门中赚工资的上班族,剩下的几十万人可能全都是靠“生意”活着,理发师赚饭店老板的理发钱,然后再付给市场里卖菜的,算不上悲惨可也不算蓬勃吧,老百姓说这个市的市长位置是跳板,往省里跳的,这里政绩工程不少,有的盖成了,有的成了豆腐渣工程或半截子工程。走在梅河口的大街上,也算光鲜,有大楼,有街道,有花朵,仔细看看会发现,不对啊,怎么有点像乞丐穿西装的感觉呢?一个个富的流油的开发商,盖这样那样美丽的大楼,老百姓就这么看着,“呦,又起来一个”,政府有没有份用不着我说,即便没有份,睁一眼闭一眼也是罪过吧。这个县级市,有好饭店,有大商城,但是图书馆没有一个,所有体育场荒废,早年的什么工人文化宫拆了,工人都没了,要宫干什么,退休职工活动中心全部消失了,退休就在家打麻将吧,别浪费社会资源。
就这样一个城市,跟中国很多很多城市一样,都有无限的故事和无穷的问题,有责任感的媒体在哪?聚在火堆旁边记念呢。升降机,从六楼坠落,11人死亡,听说里面有一个女的,穷的很,赚不着钱才来工地干活,一次工资还没发呢就... 还有一个才17岁的... 要说这人的运气也要看最后是怎么个死法,在医院的住院部摔下来算幸运吧,连救护车都省了,死还是活都是直接一条龙服务。说是省长来了,说是每个遇难者家属能获得50万到60万元的赔偿,好像不少哦,不过等将来住院部大楼落成,这些遇难者家属自己有个什么三长两短的时候,这50还是60万够他们在这亲人用命换来的甲级医院的住院部大楼里住一年吗?可能不够!一个没有任何工业的县级市的一家甲级医院的费用就是这么贵,如果这住院部要是跟政绩工程扯上关系,那么买单的自然是患者。
信息分等级,新闻分等级,灾难分等级,这次升降机事故起码还有几个媒体费了百十来个字报道(其中自然有我们熟悉的“梅河口市委、市政府领导高度重视,第一时间赶赴现场,启动突发事件应急处理预案,成立了事故伤员抢救组、事故调查组、善后处理组、维护稳定组和新闻宣传组并立即开展工作,全力做好伤员抢救及事故处理工作”,也奇怪了,大到国家主席,小到县级市长,谁都可以高度重视,这句报道词里的其他漏洞我就不多说了,腻歪了),那么更多的悲剧却没办法得到这样的运气。梅河口市市中心原工人文化宫拆建的名字很响亮的“龙城商厦”是怎么来的?2000年梅河口来了个新市长,准确的说是新市长和政绩工程项目一起来的,这个项目就是拆除工人文化宫改建为6层30000多平方米建筑面积的龙城商厦,开发商是现成的,新市长的亲信。市政府规划中的项目自然不同,工程很快风风火火地进行,照惯例工程款先由施工单位垫付,政府分期将工程款付给开发商,开发商再付给施工单位,所谓施工单位也就是私人的包工队,它自然没有什么钱,5000万的工程就是分成10期每期也要500万元,所以它都会向民间去借,或者说的好听点叫集资,工程款下来了再还,再给些利息。虽然不正规,但是有市政府做后盾工程也算正常进行着,突然有一天市长在长春上大学的女儿遇到了感情问题,情绪令人担忧,市长在到长春接女儿回家的归途中遇到车祸死了。又一个新市长来了,可是谁会替前市长尤其是死了的市长擦屁股呢?工程款下不来了,开发商让施工队尽量坚持完成工程,完工了自然会有钱,施工队就只能继续借钱,但是还不上了。就这样,10年,龙城商厦主体工程算是坚持完工了,外部装修也算凑合完成了,但是内部的许多细活并没有完成,直到今天也只有不到一半的面积投入使用,冷清的很。最重要的是,施工队拖欠民间的借款到今天也没有还,据说有40多个家庭因此破产,有近10人在10 年中相继自杀或因情绪导致的疾病死亡。10年间非正常地死亡10人跟一下子摔死10人有什么区别?可以说没有区别,但是这个政绩半截子工程的故事除了本地人又有谁知道呢,又有哪个媒体负责地报道一下呢?
常读我东西的朋友也许会知道我常写的一个题目叫做Personal Branding,个人品牌,主要是指互联网上的数字品牌,其实除了个人品牌,现在在欧洲发展的快的还有城市品牌概念-City Branding,那么个人品牌是个人在网上的活动,而城市品牌却并不是官方在网络上的活动,而是所有以该地区为主题的博客(或微博)的活动,不要小看这样的活动,它对一个地区一个城市的发展是有极大好处的,对内可以监督政府,对外可以推广本地特色,就说前些日子法国的布列塔尼地区就在跟卖当劳的谈判中获得巨大成功,这个世界著名快餐公司让步,为布列塔尼地区专门设计具有该地区风格的广告宣传画,这是首次,一般来说卖当劳的公告宣传画都是以国家为单位,甚至是全世界一样。我还写过一个帖子叫做“互联网与本地民主”,事实上我也在做这样的尝试,我甚至专门为梅河口建了一个博客以推广City Branding理念,但是我绝没想到我发布的第一个有关我家乡的信息会是极负面的,想来可也没什么,如果代表各个城市或地区的博客都是唱赞歌的,那么 City Branding也就失去了意义,批评和揭露可能更有利于家乡和家乡人民。出生在大城市好像是挺幸运的,但是在互联网上,尤其是在City Branding理念中,出生在小城市的人有着特别的优势,将我们的市,县,乡,镇,村的名字输入到搜索引擎,得到的结果十分有限,就拿梅河口这样的县级市来说,基本上我只要写10个帖子,那么当任何人在搜索引擎上输入“梅河口”三个字的时候,我的帖子就可能出现在搜索结果中的第一页,不知道写博客的朋友们是否理解这意味着什么?Personal Branding和City Branding是相辅相成的。
鉴于我的这个帖子有可能会成为关键词“梅河口”的搜索结果中排名靠前的一个,那么作为小型的“新媒体”,我有必要将此次事故的一些责任人的名字跟梅河口三个字联系起来,尽可能多地出现在读者眼前,尽可能长久地在互联网上留下案底,科技带给我们的有些东西真是方便,我不用将他们的名字刻在某座山上,只要随便在某个帖子里列出他们的名字,那么他们就永远跟此次事故联系起来了,关键字如下:
-梅河口市市政府
-梅河口市爱民医院
-东北金城建设股份有限公司
有关具体责任人姓名会在事故调查结果公布后给出,上述机构则有逃脱不掉的干系。
====================================
王馨语私人博客:http://yourongnaida.com/wangxinyu/
王馨语语言教学博客:http://yourongnaida.com/wxylanguage/
王馨语E声望博客:http://yourongnaida.com/ereputation/
王馨语1510文章分类:http://www.my1510.cn/article.php?id=00025484f84138b
====================================
圣元孕酮含量是青岛海关08年退货的数十倍
zhaoxg1980提到了一篇2008年的新闻,指出这篇新闻的内容与卫生部的圣元奶粉检测存在矛盾: 9月23日,黄岛检验检疫局从一批自印度进口的脱脂奶粉中检出孕激素类药物孕酮呈阳性,检测结果为0.7μg/kg。根据不得检出的标准限量规定,判定该批货物不合格,作退运处理。该批脱脂奶粉原料产地为印度,总重102,000千克,货值总计340,680美元。孕酮,又称黄体酮,是由卵巢黄体分泌的一种天然孕激素,在体内对雌激素激发过的子宫内膜有显著形态学影响,为维持妊娠所必需,若过量或长期食用,则可能出现雌性化现象。 此次圣元检测,“据北京疾控中心邵兵研究员介绍,为了保证检测结果的公正和准确,由工商、农业、卫生相关部门组成了联合采样小组,样品密封编号并隐去品牌信息后由卫生部分送到各个检测单位。检测方法由北京疾控中心、中国疾控中心和中国检科院联合攻关,曾用于奥运会运动员食品检测。”经测得孕酮13-72微克/千克,是青岛海关退货奶粉的18到102倍。卫生部竟然宣布是正常?" 中国最新公布的乳粉标准(PDF)中没有检测激素的要求。
国不爱我,我何爱国?
原本,小妖是一个爱国之人。小妖洗发露用霸王,牙膏用冷酸灵,就连卫生巾也只用笑爽……(只有电影,小妖一般不看国产)。可霸王出问题了(虽然卫生布说了没事),但小妖从此就不买国产洗发水了,小妖开始花两倍甚至更多的钱去买水之密语或丝婷(分别是日本和美国的);牛奶的三聚氰胺事件过后看似平静,没想到没过两年又卷土重来,于是小妖不敢再喝国产牛奶了,现在小妖只喝达能(法国的)。小妖本来还想去流浪动物收容站收养一个小狗,可听说疫苗出问题了,于是小妖不敢养狗了,万一被它的小爪子弄破了皮肤,这疫苗是打还是不打呢?没办法,只能眼睁睁地看着那些过了7天收容期限的小狗被安乐死。
6月1号,卫生布实施了一个奶业新标准。“在生乳标准中,乳蛋白含量从1986年的每100克生乳蛋白质含量不低于2.95%降到了2.8%,菌落总数则从2003年每毫升50万调至200万。”菌落数量相当于西方国家的50倍,相当于生产乳品时苍蝇乱飞!中国孩子就那么贱?还不如国外孩子的1/50?国家,你如此作贱自己的国民,又让我如何感到你的高贵呢?
上层的人自然不会理会这些事。他们过得是无公害蔬菜、有机猪肉和特仑苏的生活。特仑苏,好喝,浓、滑、香,可6块钱一盒的奶,谁喝得起!除非在奶品价格不变的前提下,居民收入增长3倍;不然,用高标准来约束奶业,就会提高奶品价格,因为价格对需求的影响而导致奶品业萎缩。这,也有点道理。中国人没钱,奶粉价格升高,奶粉业要萧条。可为何不去积极地提高居民收入呢?可能是因为居民收入提高了,上面就没钱喝特供,买LV了。中国平民的孩子,不配喝优质奶,甚至不配喝奶。若牛奶的营养与卫生上不去,中国还是会回到东亚病夫时代!有广告还瞎扯淡:“每天一斤奶,强壮中国人”。谁知这个奶会不会让人乳房肿胀尿不出来?
在丹麦,在新西兰,在几乎所有的乳业大国,生乳蛋白质含量标准都至少在3.0%以上,而菌落总数,美国、欧盟是低于10万,丹麦是3万,更是比中国严格数十倍。“蛋白质含量关乎营养,菌落总数则攸关质量,但是蛋白质含量和菌落数量不是什么高科技含量的东西,即使是散户,只要饲养得当,完全能够达到原来的标准”;“目前中国规模化养殖和散户的比例大概是3 : 7,但即使是散户,也只有不到20%‘只养不管’,达不到原来的收购标准。而采用机器挤奶,减少二次污染,都可以有效地控制有害细菌数量”;“广州奶企近10年来一直在执行蛋白质3.0﹪、细菌数20万个单位以下这一指标。”为何明明可以达到较高的标准,而卫生部还要把乳品的国家标准大幅降低呢?
中国乳业有城市型乳业与基地型乳业之分,城市型乳企主攻巴士鲜奶,一般在城市周边有稳定的规模化饲养基地,而基地型乳业以生产超高温灭菌奶和奶粉为主,因价格便宜保质期长而占据了更大的市场份额。对于三元、新希望这样的城市型乳企而言,奶源质量并没有问题,这些企业一般在城市周边有稳定的规模化饲养基地;而对于基地型乳业而言,奶源的覆盖地域广阔,收购半径过大,质量也不稳定。2008年,新版乳业国标强制性标准由卫生部牵头,会同农业部、中国乳制品工业协会、中国奶业协会等单位,并由各部门推荐的70多名不同领域专家组成专家组,经过一年半的讨论后才正式颁布。知情人士指出,这些所谓专家中,多半都是各个乳业的代表。在几次讨论会议上,各方对生乳蛋白质含量和细菌数量争执得都很激烈。但讨论结果表明:新国标无疑是对基地型乳企更为有利,新鲜牛奶应该在24小时内送至奶站或加工工厂,但是这些大企业收购半径过大,鲜奶通常会存放在奶罐中1-2天甚至更久才被收购,只有较低的标准可以保证“合格”奶源的持续供应。
明白了吧!我亲爱的读者。像房产会议由任志强们参加讨论并拍板一样,奶业会议也是由牛根生们参加讨论并拍板的;像两会上遇到房产商“拆迁费提高会推高房价”的问题而无能力回答一样,奶业会议上有学者专家面对“高标准会扼杀中小奶企”的问题也同样无能力回答。商界无德,官界无用,学界无能!
房产利益集团来讨论房事的结果就是:房子每过15年就得拆一次,压低拆迁费否则高拆迁费会推高房价,不能让房产业倒下因为它是带动了几十个行业的支柱产业……于是出现了楼歪歪、楼翠翠、楼倒倒;于是出现了自焚、烟花炮楼、以及撞警车;于是出现了空城、黑灯照、零字电表;于是中国的建筑业在国际上根本得不到承认,于是大型的高端的设计项目如鸟巢、鸟蛋、大裤衩都由国外设计师垄断。而奶粉业也重蹈覆辙,于是三聚氰胺、过量激素、奶业国标倒退20年。既当运动员又当裁判员的机制,虽然有国情,有特色,但却没有——希望。
广东省奶业协会副会长王丁棉说:“如果还是很低的生乳收购价格,新标准只会导致原来用好饲料的养殖户使用廉价饲料,廉价饲养出来的不合格品,再通过各种手段使之达标,然后大家再质疑这个标准是不是还不够低,不够符合中国的国情,从此陷入一种恶性循环。”这就是“劣币驱逐良币”效应。小妖公司楼下有个小卖部,店主卖的面包保持期长达180天,小妖吃了一次,觉得保鲜剂的成分太高,于是对店主建议进货时可以进些质量好的、保持期短的面包。但半年了,她店里还是180天的面包。有次我问她为什么不进好面包,她说没找到我说的那个品牌。哪里是没找到!保持期长的利润率比保持期短的高,这才是主要原因。半年了,我从来没有在她那里再买过东西。因为我不相信她的商品,也不相信她的人品。她每天都会从小妖这里少卖至少3块钱。不好的面包把好的面包挤出了市场,这就是“劣币驱逐良币”,而国产奶业一定也会面临这种状况。
“低标生乳会纵容养殖户的低水平养殖,只顾眼前利益而维持落后生产方式,中国乳企短暂获利的同时,外资在高端奶粉市场的地位更加牢固并将渗透到更多领域。今年1-4月,我国奶粉进口达到15万吨,超过去年全年进口量的50%,价格同比上涨超过20%;而乳制品进口同比增加30.15%,进口金额同比增长了81.45%。但当原料奶价格下降时,奶粉的终端价格仍旧照涨不误。目前在我国高端婴幼儿配方奶粉市场,美赞臣、惠氏、多美滋、雅培、雀巢等洋品牌占据70%以上的市场份额,更多洋品牌还已经瞄准了此前由国内品牌占据优势的中低端市场。一方面是进口奶粉依存度的放量增长,另一方面,洋奶粉频频亮出涨价大旗。在奶粉的上游市场,国内企业将丧失话语权,而我国奶粉市场,或重蹈被外资控制的覆辙。”等到国产奶业的良币都被驱逐出去了,国外的奶业就会垄断中国奶品市场。而我们的宝宝,他们的健康就只能由国外的奶品来保障了。对于国家来说,宝宝的健康就是国家的未来,那国家的未来也要寄托在外国了。
市场经济的基本前提就是信用,是社会的信任。但我们的社会,没有信用,我们不敢在饭馆吃饭,不敢喝牛奶,路边看见倒地的老头老太也不敢却去搀扶——我们竟然宁愿去救助一只流浪狗也不敢去救一条人命;我们那只会欺瞒的衙门,更是没有信用,我们不相信CCAV,不相信各种TV,不相信报纸,甚至连网络也不相信了,一句“谁让你直播的”就证明了媒体都成了衙门欺瞒我们公民的工具!连宪法成了摆设,成了任人玩弄的玩意,还有什么信用可言?相关部门也不要再解释了,解释就是掩饰。国家最大的悲哀不是经济的破灭,而是国民对国家丧失了希望。民族的希望在于孩子,日本可以为儿童每天无偿地提供一瓶奶,可中国人自己花钱买奶却喝出病来!孩子没了希望,民族也就没有希望了。同胞们,你们还想一生一大把么?为了规避养孩子的风险,只有移民了。可平民怎么移民呢?
别骂小妖不爱国。国不爱小妖,小妖为何又来爱国呢?如果爱国会让我像董存瑞一样在战场上牺牲,我也可以爱国,起码留下一个烈士的名号;可如果因为爱国而让自己患上了肾结石尿毒症以致“牺牲”,谁又来给小妖颁发烈士证书呢?小妖不是傻子,不要命,起码也得要个名啊!不能被卖了还帮人数钱。
小妖一向不做广告,但现在为了大家宝宝的健康,推荐几个牛奶品牌。
可以小心食用的是中国城市巴士鲜奶:三元、光明、新希望。
可以放心信用的是外国牛奶:美赞臣、惠氏、多美滋、雅培、达能(酸奶)。
相关新闻:
中国奶业国家标准倒退25年(2010年8月11日 时代周报)
http://news.zgjrw.com/News/2010811/News/217554124400.shtml
单纯乳房早发育不影响儿童成长?
http://guxiaojun.blog.ycwb.com/201081771230.html
围观重庆“打黑”,我们应当相信谁?
围观重庆“打黑”,我们应当相信谁?
评论时间 8月12日 评论人 佚名
http://club3.kdnet.net/dispbbs.asp?boardid=1&id=6389823
如果我们连“围观”、“鼓掌”都做不到,中国将没有未来!
作为一名普通的中国公民、作为学术网的长期关注者,作为陈律师的支持者,自李庄案始,我一直将本网作为每天数次登陆必看的网站,特别是前段时间的网站被黑,我的心一直与本网在一起,直到看到陈律师安然无恙,这才放心。
由于平时工作太忙,一直未能表达评论,趁今天有点时间写几句发自内心的话,与各位分享,更借此表达对陈律师等有勇有谋、匡扶正义、敢说真话的勇气、智慧和对国家的使命感、对民众的责任感的有识之士,表示最深切的钦佩和最大的支持!
一、作为普通公民,重庆打黑和我们有什么联系,为什么引起大家这么关注
1、我想很多人和我一样,虽本人不是重庆人,但在中国大多数地方,政治环境和法治环境都差不多,没有特别大的差距,因此,重庆所发生的一切都有可能在中国任何一个城市发生,重庆政府的任何行为都有可能在其他地方复制,所以关注重庆就像关注自己的家乡、关注身边事一样,没有什么不同。
2、几乎所有的老百姓,都是善恶分明、嫉恶如仇的,我们每个人都对黑的、丑恶的、不公平的事情充满厌恶和憎恨,对弱者、受伤害者充满了同情、怜悯的善良之心,所以大家都是坚决支持政府打黑的,希望能惩治犯罪、匡扶正义,这点不管在世界上哪个国家,任何一个地方的老百姓都是一样的,没有什么区别,所以我们与重庆市民感同身受。
3、由于重庆的某位地方首脑,早已声名远扬、光芒四射,自己也常常公开把“接班人”的话题挂在嘴边,似乎已笃定是未来国家政策方向的领导者和制定者,那我们就更加关心重庆的政府作风和政策导向了,这毕竟和国家的命运、百姓的未来生活息息相关啊,所以,我们这些普通百姓就非常关注重庆的一些重大事情,包括唱红、打黑等标志性事件。
二、当有质疑政府的声音出来时,我们该如何判断?
1、政府和媒体或者律师,谁更有公信力?在国外,这个问题很容易回答,从排序上,律师公信力>媒体>政府,所有人首先会相信律师,因为每个人的工作生活中方方面面都需要律师,律师是必不可少的职业,谁都离不开律师,律师的不诚信成本也最大,所以只要是律师说出来的话,签出来的文件,没有人不相信。同时,部分独立媒体的公信力要远大于政府,提起政府的言论,即便是西方发达国家,大家也就当参考消息看看而已,这也是为什么美国政府每年要花巨资做政府政策宣讲,因为实在没法信,还不如看看电视里反对党议员们对政策的批评和辩论直播更加真实,至少兼听则明。但在国内,这个问题就复杂了,律师的职业还没有和普通百姓直接关联,只有在当事人有了麻烦,需要律师的时候才会想起来,律师的公信力还没有建立起来。而所有的媒体都是党的喉舌,政府的舆论宣传基地,领导让怎么说就怎么说,如何能有公信力?
2、当质疑政府的声音出来时,我们怎么办?在当下中国,很多时候媒体的监督质疑都是在有限的范围内,即便是偶尔捅出一些黑幕,也是出自一些媒体和记者的良心使然并承担着巨大的风险,而政府的解释又常常脱离常识让人无法相信,这个时候,让我们这些老百信该信谁的呢?我们能做的,就只能是全力“围观”、鼓励媒体继续深挖、鼓励政府正视压力,让真相更接近事实!
三、我们该拿什么态度对待政府的宣传?
西方世界有句政治名言:“要用最高的道德标准要求政治人物”,因为政治人物的影响大,他的一言一行必须对社会起到重要的作用,必须接受所有人的检验,稍有瑕疵必将失去政治舞台。套用到政府来,就应该“用最大的放大镜仔细观察政府的行为”,因为政府有权力,权力的使用稍有不当,便对百姓带来灾难。所以我们要仔细观察政府的宣传是否有瑕疵、是否不能自圆其说、是否遮遮掩掩、是否明显失实,是否有违法嫌疑,如果有,我们宁可质疑、宁可给政府压力,让政府多解释、多说明,直到说清楚为止。
四、就重庆个案,我们该怎么评价?
1、基于以上的思维逻辑,我们如何公平地评价重庆发生的个案,就显得非常清晰简单了。重庆现在遇到的麻烦,完全是重庆自己造成的,如果他们现在还意识不到这一点,将来会出更大的麻烦。所以重庆应该感谢李、陈、朱等人,虽然有的个案尚未真相大白,但他们至少让重庆惊出一身冷汗。本来嘛,今非昔比,都已经什么年代了,还拿文革的一套手法操作,太低估人民的觉悟,也太高估自己的智商了。
2、重庆最失误的是中国青年报的通稿,这份通稿已成为重庆打黑舆论急转直下的转折点,也必将成为多年以后,媒体传播学课堂里最失败的案例,那个审核发通稿的重庆领导现在一定后悔万分。其他的负面影响包括无中生有、添油加醋、道德审判等我就不多说了,陈律师那篇批中青奇文的文章当是最经典的评论。
3、对于李律师的案件,情节紧张曲折、跌宕起伏,当然结果是一大黑色幽默,我也不多解释,反正大家都知道怎么回事,上上下下所有人都心知肚明,只是苦了还在牢里的人,成了普法教育、惊醒大众的代罪羔羊。
4、目前朱律师的案子还在进行时,还好我们都不是瞎子不是聋子,有照片可以看,有录像可以听,事实已非常清楚,球已踢给了政府,只等政府是否向国人表明有这个勇气和远见卓识了。
5、还有纳闷说、市民鞭炮说、杂音说、保护伞说、黑网站、五毛贴等等负面言论和手段,都太低级了,只能更起反作用。所以我已在前面说了,所有的问题都是重庆自己造成的,留下了太多的漏洞和失策,自己酿的苦酒只能自己喝了。
6、正因为有了以上的这些疑点和漏洞,我们就需要用最大的放大镜审视这些案子,最大程度地质疑疑点、最大程度地支持质疑者、最大程度地保持“围观”状态,直到找出真相。而所有这些,都是为了重庆好,除了不让任何人被冤枉之外,更要帮助重庆把打黑案办成真正的铁案(好像最近重庆媒体很长时间不提铁案了),否则一味的靠欺骗、忽悠、打压、无所顾忌地“直来直去”,最后只能自我感觉良好,但却被人民无情地抛弃。
五、对于重庆老百姓的评价,我们该如何理解?
1、我们应该承认,重庆经过打黑运动,治安一定比以前好,一定得到很多民众的支持。所以我能理解一些重庆网友的感受是真实的。(但职业网络公务员不在此列,他们拿钱办事、隐藏身份、穿着统一的制服,在网上恶意攻击、假扮民意,实属黑社会行为。所以我个人认为,有的时候黑社会的定义是对现在白社会的反讽,白社会的做法好像比黑社会还不如。)
2、但民意的支持并不都是正确的,远的有纳粹德国、近的有邻邦朝鲜,几乎所有的独裁政权在他们最辉煌的时候、最残暴的时候,都是民意最高的时候。我们自己国家的文革十年浩劫,当时全国上下民意沸腾,我相信对文革的支持率绝对100%,保证连5%的杂音都没有。历史一再证明,这样的高支持率是最可怕的。
3、所以需要提醒重庆市民的是,这样的治安好转是怎么产生的,能持续多久?我来尝试回答,这样的治安好转是靠一种恐怖代替另一种恐怖。短短一段时间要求所有公检法天天加班加点,限期破案,一下子破了几十万件积案,抓了这么多人,判了这么多死刑,公务员的压力有多大,在这么高强度下,会不会有为了完成任务而错抓的、错判的、错杀的?这种错误会不会突然落在你头上,如果你真的被冤了,谁来替你说话,连替你辩护的律师都抓起来了,谁来替你洗刷冤情,如果你被打个三天三夜,像赵作海一样,生不如死,你能够承受痛苦的折磨而不“认罪”吗,要换成我,我早就“招”了,让怎么说就怎么说,别说打架闹事,说是我杀了萨达姆我都认。从重庆法院的事实来看,只要有你的口供,就肯定能判下来。看看,把你从一个守法公民立即变成杀人犯,就这么简单,破案了,完成任务了还能升职、当官,弄大了还能得个“人民卫士”的称号,何乐不为啊。至于治安好转能持续多久,看看就在几年前,重庆表彰给文强的“打黑英雄”、“人民卫士”勋章,你就找到答案了。
4、所以,只有当重庆市民认真思考,我们如何能有一个长治久安的办法,而不是隔两年来次运动,文家军打李家军,王家军打文家军,X家军再打王家军,越打越黑,这什么时候是个头啊?!
5、我相信有很多重庆市民是非常明白这些道理的,因为种种众所周知的原因,他们不能说,也不敢说,因为一说,就变成了“5%的杂音”、甚至变成了“保护伞”和“利益相关者”,所以我们非常理解。也正因为这样,我们就特别钦佩重庆之外的有识之士,发出了他们的最强音,从各自的专业领域、各自的资源平台,替正义发声,虽然这样的压力和风险那是何其的大,但他们并不畏惧和逃避,他们知道他们在摸着良心办事,他们在启发最重要的民智,他们在帮助政府执政,他们在帮助国家强大,他们在推动历史的进步!
六、对于未来,我们该如何期待?
1、我常常在想,中国在不远的将来会是什么样,留给我的儿子去为之奋斗的国家会变成什么样,中国什么时候才能得到别人真正地尊重(而不是像现在这样被全世界当作暴发户:有钱没文化),中国什么时候才能充满着宽广的胸怀接纳不同的文化,文明的社会充满仁爱和善良,科技发达却保障公民的健康,到处是创新的思维和诚实的交流。。。
2、所有这一切幻想都不会从天上掉下来,也不要期待有个神仙能变出来,这些都需要靠我们自己来创造,靠我们自己一点一滴的努力才能实现。请记住:因为你我都太懦弱不能成为英雄,所以,当有英雄出现的时候,我们要给他最大的掌声。因为你我都还有良知,不想装聋作哑,所以当有不平发生时,我们要尽自己的微薄之力前来“围观”,并且在必要的时候鼓一下掌。如果我们连“围观”、“鼓掌”都做不到,中国就没有未来,你我也没有未来!
谨以此文献给陈律师和所有关心重庆和中国命运的网民!
一位长期“围观”、偶尔“鼓掌”的普通公民
2010年8月12日
突然静下心来想写一篇世博观后感
入口:人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人我人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人海宝人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人志愿者人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人: 出口
没了
__________________________________________________________________
欢迎订阅关注冷笑话微博FOTO!精美图片每日分享精彩推荐最好玩的冷游戏
Midway中途岛的悲灵!

Midway(中途岛)是位于北太平洋上的一座小岛,由于受到人为的污染,环岛四周的海面上漂浮着许多人工垃圾,栖息在岛上的信天翁在觅食的同时把这些垃圾当作了食物都叼回窝里喂给幼鸟,待幼鸟长大体内的垃圾越积越多无法消化,于是大多都活生生的被毒死,噎死或撑死了,岛上便有了这些令人震惊的塑料尸体了!
Chris Jordan拍摄了这组照片,深刻的警醒人们环境破环的严重性和保护环境的必要性,文明的发展蒙蔽了人们的双眼,回归自然的本质才是根本之源,愚昧的人类也许还并不了解,他们正用双手为自己打造入土的坟墓!


















点击进入网站via
Chomping At The Bit

美国艺术家Jared Cain设计的马里奥兄弟系列玩具-Chomping At The Bit。



什么是博士?
今天,我看到一组图。
美国犹他大学的助理教授Matt Might,用这组图解释,博士学位到底是什么意思。他说,每年都有新生的入学教育,但是有些观点语言说不清楚,不如画图。
我觉得,这组图真的很好懂,而且一点没错,博士就应该是图中的意思。老子说"大道至简",可是真的要很简单地表达出来,却是非常难的一件事。
========================================
什么是博士?
作者:Matt Might
译者:阮一峰
1.
假设人类所有的知识,就是一个圆。圆的内部代表已知,圆的外部代表未知。

2.
读完小学,你有了一些最基本的知识。

3.
读完中学,你的知识又多了一点。

4.
读完本科,你不仅有了更多的知识,而且还有了一个专业方向。

5.
读完硕士,你在专业上又前进了一大步。

6.
进入博士生阶段,你大量阅读文献,接触到本专业的最前沿。

7.
你选择边界上的一个点,也就是一个非常专门的问题,作为自己的主攻方向。

8.
你在这个点上苦苦思索,也许需要好几年。

9.
终于有一天,你突破了这个点。

10.
你把人类的知识向前推进了一步,这时你就成为博士了。

11.
现在你就是最前沿,其他人都在你身后。

12.
但是,不要陶醉在这个点上,不要把整张图的样子忘了。

继续努力向前推进吧!
(完)
内部消息:郭德纲拿到了船票(转自天涯)
内部消息:郭德纲拿到了船票(转自天涯)
2010-08-10 14:17:06 来自: KucleeR
在资产10亿以下的中国富人群体里,郭德纲是唯一一个拿到2012船票的。
面对百亿资产,手握船票的巨富们,郭德纲仍旧是弱势群体。
他本无登船机会。
但自从“天上人间”今年已经集体拿到了船票之后,手握船票的巨富们认为,除了“天上人间”之外,船上也有一定的精神文明需求。起初,他们试图在赵本山、周立波、郭德纲之间做出一个选择。但分析下来认为,虽然很多登船的领导们喜欢赵本山,但无奈其已年迈,且做过一次手术,在船上活得不一定长久。而周立波的海派相对还是较为小众,上船时,也未必允许有那么稿子可以带。
因此大部分富豪最终认为,郭德纲虽然“三俗”,然其年轻,不用读稿子,张嘴就来,可以上船。中国著名女歌唱家S率先投票给了郭德纲,最终大会一致通过。
郭德纲得知此消息,大惊2012事件原来是真,一夜未眠。
次日,他和船票秘密联络人接头,请求再给他来两张票:一张给太太,一张给于谦。
但至终富豪们开会决定,只让带于谦。毕竟在船上不能总是听单口相声。
但郭的太太不给带。郭德纲无奈,含泪同意。
之后,富豪策划一些列事件。
首先,他们故意派记者假装偷拍,在郭德纲家中找个徒弟,表演打人事件,
随后,富豪们所掌控的媒体集体搞臭郭德纲。
最后,郭德纲宣布内部整顿。
2010年8月,郭德纲得以暂时关闭德云社,并删除博客一切文章,关闭官方网站。
一切就绪,他和于谦预备登船。
然而事情出了意外,郭德纲将此消息告诉于谦之后,于谦口风不紧,被李菁知道。
李菁立即告诉了何云伟,二人要挟郭德纲给票,
扬言若不给票,就要将此事以记者招待会的方式公开。
富豪们得知此事之后,立即商讨对策。
有人建议在记者招待会之前暗杀二人。
但“阿里他爹”M总认为,此时风声甚紧,暗杀是下策,
上策,是用两年的荣华富贵来换取他们闭嘴。
于是私下派人谈判,给了二人一张支票,数目由他们填写。
何云伟和李菁点头同意。
此事传到了美国人的耳朵里。
隔壁船只持票人比尔盖茨认为,7号船只上的这些中国富豪行为很不妥,
他不理解为什么要带两个“中国脱口秀的明星”上船。
但果美电器的H总告诉比尔盖茨,中国富豪要求带郭德纲,就像他们美国富豪要求带迈克尔杰克逊上船一样。两国文化虽然不同,但性质一样。
在H总解释之后,比尔盖茨总算对此表示了理解。
原帖地址:http://www.tianya.cn













